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Forbes Quarry, GibraltarForbes Quarry, where a Neanderthal (Archaic human) skull was discovered in 1848. The discovery came eight years before the Neanderthal skeleton was found in the Neander Valley in Germany
Modern Homo sapiens, Cheddar ManA reconstruction of Cheddar Man based upon the fossil evidence of Modern Homo sapiens discovered at Goughs Cave, Cheddar, Somerset. This model was created at the University of Manchester
Homo sapiens (Wadjak 1) craniumFrontal view of cast of cranium belonging to adult female Homo sapiens (Wadjak 1) living about 6, 000 years ago discovered in Wadjak, East Java, Indonesia
Homo neanderthalensis, Neanderthal Man skeletonLife size model of a male Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) skeleton. This was created using a modified modern human skeleton and replicas of Neanderthal fossil bones
Vanguard cave, GibraltarExterior view of Vanguard Cave, Gibraltar which has been excavated by palaeontologists. Discoveries of interest include chert flake tools and charcoal beds
Human bones found at Abu Hureyra
Eoliths from Israel. Crude stone pebbles found in Lower Pleistocene contexts; once thought to be the work of human agency, but now generally regarded as natural products
Homo sapiens (Singa 1) cranium endocastAn endocast of a heavily mineralized cranium once belonging to that of Homo sapiens who lived about 130, 000 years ago. This specimen was discovered in Singa, Sudan by W.R.G. Bond in 1924
Homo erectus, Peking man cranium (reconstruction)Reconstruction of a female Homo erectus cranium based upon the remains from many individuals discovered at Zhoukoudian Cave (Locality 1), China dating back 500, 000 years
Hand-Axes
Womans head carved in mammoth ivoryGravettian age 25, 000 - 30, 000 years old (Upper Palaeolithic) from Dolni Vestonice, Moravia, Czech Republic
Paranthropus boisei (based on OH5)Illustration by Maurice Wilson of a three-quarter view of Paranthropus boisei, a robust australopithecus which lived in Southern and Eastern Africa
Grottes des Enfants burialSkeletons of two boys with clusters of perforated shells and probably traces of decorated clothing. Pl. XIII from Palԥ oethnologie: Antiquites de L Home dans les Alpes Maritimes
Human hairScanning electron microscope (SEM) image showing a human hair with the cuticle reflexed
Workers at Piltdown
Homo neanderthalensis, Neanderthal Man burial site (Teshik-TReconstruction of a Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) burial site based on remains discovered at Teshik-Tash, Uzbekistan dating back 70, 000 years
Homo neanderthalensis (Kebarah) burial siteBurial site of Neanderthal Man (Homo neanderthalensis), 60, 000 years old from the Pleistocene, Kabara, Israel. On display in From the Beginning, Gallery 63
Homo sapiens (Predmosti) & Homo neanderthalensis (La Ferrass
Hand-axeFlint hand-axe of Acheulian culture (Lower Palaeolithic) with rounded spall pot-lid split by frost action. Specimen from University of London, Institute of Archaeology
Paranthropus boisei (OH5)
Proconsul, Homo heildebergensis & Homo neanderthalensis cranL to R: Cranium of Proconsul, an extinct primate that lived 18 million years ago; Homo heildebergensis (Broken Hill 1) discovered in Zambia; and Homo neanderthalensis (Gibraltar 1)
Paranthropus sp. (left) and Homo erectus (right)Illustration by Maurice Wilson. 2 to 1.5 million years ago parts of Africa were populated by these two hominids. Paranthropus foraged peacefully but here is threatened by Homo erectus
Homo sapiens, Red Lady of Paviland (Paviland 1)A Femur stained red with ochre from the oldest known modern human burial in Britain which dates back 26, 500 years. The specimen has been named The Red Lady of Paviland
Casts of artifacts from Czech RepublicIvory running lion, ivory ornamant and a lionesss head in fired clay; all 25, 000 - 30, 000 years old (Upper Palaeolithic) from Dolni Vestonice, Czech Republic
Homo neanderthalensis, Neanderthal mans flake toolA flake tool discovered at Tabun, Israel belonging to Neanderthal Man (Homo neanderthalensis) dating back 100, 000 years
Homo heildelbergensis, Broken Hill or Rhodesian ManIllustration by Michael Wilson of a Rhodesian man (H. heildelbergensi) family reconstructed from fossils discovered at Broken Hill, Kabwe, Zambia
Dancing woman in green serpentine
Homo neanderthalensis, Neanderthal Man cranium (NeanderthalCranium (cast) of Neanderthal 1, the original Neanderthal man discovered by workmen in 1856 in a cave at Neander Valley near Hochdahl, East of Dusseldorf, Germany
Australopithecus africanus cranium (Sts 5)Cast reconstruction of cranium belonging to Australopithecus africanus discovered at Sterkfontein by Dr Robert Broom and J.T. Robinson in April 1947
Fuegians going to trade with Patagonians in Zapallos
Piltdown Man (Model based on Piltdown 1 & 2)
Homo habilis cranium (OH24)Cast of a crushed cranium from Bed 1, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, (OH 24) known as Twiggy. Discovered by Discovered by Paul Nzube in 1968. The specimen dates back to between 1.75 and 2 m y a
Homo neanderthalensis (calpicus) cranium (Gibraltar 1)Frontal view of an adult female Neanderthal cranium discovered at Forbes Quarry, Gibraltar. Its discovery was announced by Lieutenant Flint in 1848 and it is believed to be 50, 000 years old
Homo erectus femur (Trinil)A cast of a Homo erectus femur originally discovered at the Trinil site on the Solo River, Java, Indonesia by Eugene Dubois between 1891 and 1892
Professor Chris Stringer with four hominid skullsTop left: Modern Human (Europe). Top right: Modern Human (Africa). Bottom left: Gibraltar Neanderthal, Forbes Quarry. Bottom right: Broken Hiil Skull, Zambia
Goughs Cave excavation siteExcavations at Goughs cave, Cheddar, Somerset. The site of Goughs Cave was first discovered by R.C. Gough in 1903. It is a limestone cave on the east side of Cheddar Gorge
Human (Homo sapiens) Femur and PatellaThe ball joint from the top end of a human femur and a patella (knee cap) which once belonged to a victim of the Mount Vesuvius eruption of AD 79 which buried the towns of Herculaneum and Pompeii
Still Searching At PiltdownA general impression of the Piltdown Gravel Pit, East Sussex c. 1913, with the goose Chipper, and from left to right, Venus Hargreaves, Arthur Smith Woodward, Charles Dawson
Cranium and mandible (Piltdown 1 & 2)Piltdown man cranium and mandible as reconstructed on the left by Dr. A Smith Woodward and on the right by Professor Arthur Keith
Flint hand axe (label)Photograph of a human-made hand axe, which was discovered in 1859, and is thought to be about 400, 000 years old. This close-up of the label shows the date and initials J.P, for John Prestwich
Mate pots and bambillio illustration (p.118) from Charles Darwins Journal of Researches, John Murray illustrated edition, 1890
Chilian spurs, stirrup illustration (p.290) from Charles Darwins Journal of Researches, John Murray illustrated edition, 1890
Australopithecus africanusModel of an adult female Australopithecus africanus reconstructed from remains found at Sterkfontein, South Africa. Probably lived about 2.5 million years ago
Upper Palaeolithic carvings 11 - 18, 000 years oldTop: Reindeer carved from the tip of a mammoth tusk from Montastruc, France. Bottom: Bone spear-thrower with reindeer carving from Laugerie Basse, France
Djebel Kafzeh, Qafzeh Cave, IsraelThe cave 2.5 km south of Nazareth, Galilee where fossils of early modern Homo sapiens (Homo sapiens sapiens) were found in 1933 by R. Neuville, in 1935 by R. Neuville & M
H. neanderthalensis (Gibraltar 1) & H. heidelbergensis (BroLeft: Cranium of Neanderthal man discovered at Forbes quarry Gibraltar in 1848. Right: Cranium of Broken Hill, or Rhodesian man (H. heidelbergensis) discovered at Broken Hill, Zambia in 1921
Selection of Homo sapiens CraniaLeft to right: Modern European Skull, Predmosti Czech Republic modern human skull, Early Homo sapiens skull from Zhoukoudian, recent human skull from China