Anthropological Collection (page 4)

Archaic Homo sapiens cranium (Laetoli 18)
A front view of a cranium belonging to Archaic Homo sapiens dating back to 150, 000 years ago. This specimen known as Laetoli 18 was discovered within the Ngaloba bed at Laetoli in Tanazania

Bonnet
Collected during the archaelogical excavation at Christ Church, Spitalfields, London, 1984-1986

Hand-axes & pebble tool
Left to right: Pebble tool from Olduvai about 1.7 million years old; hand-axe about 1 million years old; hand-axe about 350, 000 years old

Searching for the Piltdown Man

Crypt of Christ Church, Spitalfields
Picture taken during the archaelogical excavation at Christ Church, Spitalfields, London, 1984-1986

Bone needles of Magdalenian age
Bone needles dating back to about 15, 000 years ago. The Magdalenian tools discovered in France are believed to have belonged to early Homo sapiens who hunted reindeer during the last ice age

Homo sapiens mandible
Mandible of an adult male early modern Homo sapiens from Predmosti, Czech Republic lived about 27, 000 years ago. Gravettian culture, Upper Palaeolithic

Homo neanderthalensis cranium (Tabun 1)
Front view of the skull of a female Homo neanderthalensis discovered at Tabun at Mt. Carmel, Israel. The specimen known as Tabun 1 dates back to around 100, 000 year ago

Australopithecus africanus cranium & mandible (Sts 5)
Cast reconstruction of cranium & mandible belonging to Australopithecus africanus discovered at Sterkfontein by Dr Robert Broom and J.T. Robinson in April 1947

Medicine bottle found in a childs coffin during the archaeological excavation at Christ Church, Spitalfields, London, 1984-1986

Homo sapiens, human and Gorilla gorilla, western gorilla
Drawing of a human skeleton and a gorilla skeleton. Published in Transactions of the Zoological Society of London Vol. 5, Part 1 by Richard Owen, 1866

Homo sapiens cranium (Omo 2)
Frontal view of a cranium belonging to Archaic Homo sapiens dating back to 130, 000 years ago. This specimen is a cast of the skull known as Omo 2 discovered in 1967 at the Omo River, Ethiopia

Homo sapiens cranium (Omo 1)
A reconstruction of Homo sapiens skull discovered By the team of Richard Leakey in 1967. Location: Kibish, north west of Kenya Camp near Shiangoro Village east of River Omo

Homo neanderthalensis, neandertal man
The installation of a cranium (cast) considered to be that of a Neandertal man (Homo neanderthalesis). It was discovered in a cave diposit at Atapuerca-Sima de Los Huesos, Spain

A gold lower denture
A lower denture formed from a sheet of gold whith was cut and folded around the lower molars. The upper component is lost

Chinese Grave, Amboina, (Ambon), Indonesia
A photograph taken during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger (1872-1876) funded by the British Government for scientific purposes

Homo neanderthalensis, neanderthal man
The installation of a cranium (cast) considered to be that of a Neanderthal man (Homo neanderthalesis). It was discovered in a cave diposit at Atapuerca-Sima de Los Huesos, Spain

Amud Cave, Israel
A photograph of Amud Cave where in 1961, remains of Neanderthal man (late archaic Homo sapien) were discovered

Homo neanderthalensis, Neandertal Man skeleton
Life size model of a male Neandertal (Homo neanderthalensis) skeleton. This was created using a modified modern human skeleton and replicas of Neandertal fossil bones

Velcro
A trademarked name for a fastening tape made up of a strip of nylon with a surface of minute hooks, that fasten to another strip with a surface of uncut pile. A SEM image

Forbes Quarry, Gibraltar
Forbes Quarry, where a Neanderthal (Archaic human) skull was discovered in 1848. The discovery came eight years before the Neanderthal skeleton was found in the Neander Valley in Germany

Modern Homo sapiens, Cheddar Man
A reconstruction of Cheddar Man based upon the fossil evidence of Modern Homo sapiens discovered at Goughs Cave, Cheddar, Somerset. This model was created at the University of Manchester

Homo sapiens (Wadjak 1) cranium
Frontal view of cast of cranium belonging to adult female Homo sapiens (Wadjak 1) living about 6, 000 years ago discovered in Wadjak, East Java, Indonesia

Homo neanderthalensis, Neanderthal Man skeleton
Life size model of a male Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) skeleton. This was created using a modified modern human skeleton and replicas of Neanderthal fossil bones

Vanguard cave, Gibraltar
Exterior view of Vanguard Cave, Gibraltar which has been excavated by palaeontologists. Discoveries of interest include chert flake tools and charcoal beds

Human bones found at Abu Hureyra

Eoliths from Israel. Crude stone pebbles found in Lower Pleistocene contexts; once thought to be the work of human agency, but now generally regarded as natural products

Homo sapiens (Singa 1) cranium endocast
An endocast of a heavily mineralized cranium once belonging to that of Homo sapiens who lived about 130, 000 years ago. This specimen was discovered in Singa, Sudan by W.R.G. Bond in 1924

Homo erectus, Peking man cranium (reconstruction)
Reconstruction of a female Homo erectus cranium based upon the remains from many individuals discovered at Zhoukoudian Cave (Locality 1), China dating back 500, 000 years

Hand-Axes

Womans head carved in mammoth ivory
Gravettian age 25, 000 - 30, 000 years old (Upper Palaeolithic) from Dolni Vestonice, Moravia, Czech Republic

Paranthropus boisei (based on OH5)
Illustration by Maurice Wilson of a three-quarter view of Paranthropus boisei, a robust australopithecus which lived in Southern and Eastern Africa

Grottes des Enfants burial
Skeletons of two boys with clusters of perforated shells and probably traces of decorated clothing. Pl. XIII from Palԥ oethnologie: Antiquites de L Home dans les Alpes Maritimes

Human hair
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image showing a human hair with the cuticle reflexed

Workers at Piltdown

Homo neanderthalensis, Neanderthal Man burial site (Teshik-T
Reconstruction of a Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) burial site based on remains discovered at Teshik-Tash, Uzbekistan dating back 70, 000 years

Homo neanderthalensis (Kebarah) burial site
Burial site of Neanderthal Man (Homo neanderthalensis), 60, 000 years old from the Pleistocene, Kabara, Israel. On display in From the Beginning, Gallery 63

Homo sapiens (Predmosti) & Homo neanderthalensis (La Ferrass

Hand-axe
Flint hand-axe of Acheulian culture (Lower Palaeolithic) with rounded spall pot-lid split by frost action. Specimen from University of London, Institute of Archaeology

Paranthropus boisei (OH5)

Proconsul, Homo heildebergensis & Homo neanderthalensis cran
L to R: Cranium of Proconsul, an extinct primate that lived 18 million years ago; Homo heildebergensis (Broken Hill 1) discovered in Zambia; and Homo neanderthalensis (Gibraltar 1)

Paranthropus sp. (left) and Homo erectus (right)
Illustration by Maurice Wilson. 2 to 1.5 million years ago parts of Africa were populated by these two hominids. Paranthropus foraged peacefully but here is threatened by Homo erectus

Homo sapiens, Red Lady of Paviland (Paviland 1)
A Femur stained red with ochre from the oldest known modern human burial in Britain which dates back 26, 500 years. The specimen has been named The Red Lady of Paviland

Casts of artifacts from Czech Republic
Ivory running lion, ivory ornamant and a lionesss head in fired clay; all 25, 000 - 30, 000 years old (Upper Palaeolithic) from Dolni Vestonice, Czech Republic

Homo neanderthalensis, Neanderthal mans flake tool
A flake tool discovered at Tabun, Israel belonging to Neanderthal Man (Homo neanderthalensis) dating back 100, 000 years

Homo heildelbergensis, Broken Hill or Rhodesian Man
Illustration by Michael Wilson of a Rhodesian man (H. heildelbergensi) family reconstructed from fossils discovered at Broken Hill, Kabwe, Zambia

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