Phanerozoic Collection

Plesiosaurus
Pen and ink annotated drawing by Mary Anning, 1824. This marine reptile lived in Europe during the early Jurassic period about 200 million years ago

Ichthyosaurus acutirostris
A fossil specimen of the extinct fish-like marine reptile Ichthyosaurus acutirostris from Germany. It lived during the Lower Jurassic period 205-180 million years ago

Asteroceras, fossil ammonite
A 16 cm diameter specimen of the Jurassic ammonite Asteroceras from the Lower Jurassic of Dorset, England

Continental Drift
The world 200 million years ago in Upper Triassic times, showing the single continent of Pangaea and the universal ocean, Panthalassa

Archaeopteris hibernica, fossil plant
A fern-like plant, beautifully preserved in yellow sandstone from the Devonian, Kilkenny, Ireland. Specimen is 25 cms long

Coal forest diorama
A diorama of a Carboniferous coal forest (354 to 290 million years ago) previously on display at the former Geological Museum which is now part of the Natural History Museum, London

Archaeopteryx had the same number and arrangement of primary and secondary flight feathers as modern birds. Watercolour on paper by John Doncaster

Pterodactyl
Drawing of a Pterodactyl, an extinct flying reptile that lived during the Mesozoic era from around 251 millon years ago to 65 million years ago during the time of the K-T extinction

Kelloways Stone

Proconsul africanus
An illustration of the extinct primate, Proconsul africanus. Like Dendropithecus, they mostly lived in tropical forests in East Africa during the Miocene about 50 million years ago

Lyme Regis
The Lower Jurassic cliffs incorporating Lower Lias and Charmouth Mudstone rocks, Charmouth, Dorset, UK

Eurypterus, a fossil eurypterid
The paddles used for swimming are very conspicuous in the Silurian eurypterid Eurypterus from New York State. This individual measures 12 cm in length

St. Cuthberts Beads - rosary made from crinoid columnals
Unidentified crinoid columnals used as beads for jewellery. Specimens from the Carboniferous Yoredale Shales, Ribblehead, Yorkshire

Anoplotherium commune & gracile, Palaeotherium
Sheet 4 of a series of posters called Extinct Animals by Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins c. 1862. This collection of mammals could be found during the Eocene epoch some 50 million years ago

Uintatherium skull
Skull measures 740 mm left to right. Uintatherium, a horned ungulate from the mid Eocene of western U.S.A, stood about 1.6m at the shoulder

Calymene blumenbachii brongniart, trilobite
This trilobite originates from the 425 million year old Devonian Wenlock Limestone, Dudley, Worcestershire

Eocene London clay
Eli Marsden Wilsons impression of the Eocene (55 to 34 million years ago) London Clay landscape

Cheirotherium footprint
Footprints of Cheirotherium stortonense, an extinct reptile, on a slab of Triassic sandstone from Storeton, Cheshire, UK

Permian landscape

Phacops, a fossil trilobite
This Moroccan Devonian Phacops is enrolled, measuring 4.5 cm in width, and has a glabella covered in tubercles

Dalmanites, a fossil trilobite
This example of the Silurian trilobite Dalmanites, 4.2 cm long, shows to perfection the complex dorsal exoskeleton of these extinct arthropods

Urogomphus eximus, fossil dragonfly
A fossil Jurassic dragonfly about 140 million years old, from the Kimmeridgian Lithographic Stone, Solenhofen, Bavaria, Germany

Belemnotheutis antiquus, squid
A well-preserved Upper Jurassic squid aged 160 million years. This specimen originates from Christian Malford, Wiltshire

Asaphus (Neoasaphus) kowalewskii, stalk- eyed trilobite
A complete 3-dimensional stalk-eyed trilobite measuring about 5 cms, discovered at Wolchow River, near St. Petersburgh, Russia. The specimen dates back to the Middle Ordovician period

Plesiosaur
An illustration by Neave Parker of the extinct marine reptile, Plesiosaur. These lived throughout most of the Mesozoic (MZ) era becoming extinct 65 million years ago at the time of the K-T extinction

Temnocidaris sceptrifera, fossil echinoid
Temnocidaris (Stereocidaris) sceptrifera, 5.5 cm in diameter, from the Cretaceous Chalk of Hertfordshire, England, apical view

Crinoids
Criniods lived during the Lower Jurassic period. Their modern equivalents include echinoderms such as seaurchins, starfish and sea cucumbers

Cooksonia pertoni, fossilised plant
A fossilised pin-sized plant. The earliest land plants were very small as seen in the minute bifurcating stems terminating in expanded spore sacs of Cooksonia pertoni, 10 mm in length

Gall midge in Baltic amber
A gall midge is a fragile mosquito-like fly which produces galls on plants, seen here preserved in Baltic amber. Specimen dates from the Upper Eocene

Libellulium longialata, dragonfly
Fossil dragonfly from the Late Jurassic (150 million years old), Germany. On display in From the Beginning, Gallery 63, Earth Galleries at the Natural History Museum, London

Mariopteris muricata, seed fern
A leaf of a Carboniferous seed fern plant from Staffordshire

Andrewsarchus mongoliencis, Skull cast
Cast of the only known cranium of Andrewsarchus mongoliensis from the Eocene of Irdin Manha, China (original is in the AMNH)

Mucrospirifer, a fossil brachiopod

Stigmaria ficoides, fossil root
This root is preserved in tough Carboniferous sandstone. Stigmaria is the name given to roots of the giant lycopod (prehistoric spore-bearing plant) Lepidodendron

Compsognathus
Outline illustration of a Compsognathus

Cycadeoidea marylandica, fossil cycad
144-149 million year old specimen of a cycad from the Early Cretaceous, Maryland, USA

Oviraptor
A model head of an Oviraptor. These dinosaurs are believe to have fed on eggs or shell fish due to the shape of their mouths. They lived 85-75 million years ago and fossils have been found in Mongolia

Calymene blumenbachii, trilobite model
Depicted here is a model of a Silurian-Devonian trilobite. Trilobites had a carapace, or shell. They were arthropods as crustaceans, spiders and insects are today

Dimerocrinus, fossil crinoid
Dimerocrinus, a small stemmed crinoid (sea-lily) of Silurian age. The long stem supports a 1.8 cm high crown mostly consisting of the arms employed in feeding

Triceratops horn
Triceratops which lived during the Upper Cretaceous period, 67 to 65 million years ago had three horns. It grew up to 9 metres in length and fossils have been discovered in USA

Megalosaurus tooth
A typical carnosaur tooth belonging to Megalosaurus. It is curved in shape, pointing backwards and has sharp, serrated edges for cutting meat. The Megalosaurus lived during the Middle Jurassic period

Early Miocene scene in Europe
Artists reconstruction (L to R) Eotragus (4 animals), Brachypotherium, Amphicyon (2 animals), Hyrotherium, Schizotherium (2 animals)

Baltic amber ring
A ring containing a long-legged fly Diptera: Brachycera: Dolichopodidae. Amber specimen dates from the Upper Eocene about 35 million years old

Neuropteris gigantea (Sternberg), Pteridosperm
Part of a frond of Neuropteris gigantea, an Upper Carboniferous plant, a Pteridosperm, from Coseley, near Bilston, west Midlands. Range; Genus, Carboniferous; Species, Westphalian

Stigmaria ficoides (Brongniart), Lycopod
Part of rootscock of a Lycopod, a Carboniferous plant (x1/2.) Upper Carboniferous; Dudley, West Midlands. Range: Carboniferous, 359 to 300 million years ago

White River scene, late Eocene
Artists reconstruction (L to R) Hoplophoneus, Mesohippus, Hyaenodon, Archaeotherium, Poebrotherium, Pseudoprotoceras, Megacerops, Daphoenus, Merycoidodon, Subhyracodon

Fossil shells of the Miocene Tertiary Period
Plate II from Principles of Geology, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the Earths surface. Vol. 3 1832-33 by Charles Lyell (1797-1875)

Magnolia sp. fossil magnolia leaf
A fossil magnolia leaf from the Upper Cretaceous, Senonian, leaf from Harz, Saxony. Specimen 240 mms long

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