Paleozoic Collection

Fossils from the palaeozoic era
Life forms of the palaeozoic era (for identification of individual items, refer to the book page 13-14)

Archaeopteris hibernica, fossil plant
A fern-like plant, beautifully preserved in yellow sandstone from the Devonian, Kilkenny, Ireland. Specimen is 25 cms long

Coal forest diorama
A diorama of a Carboniferous coal forest (354 to 290 million years ago) previously on display at the former Geological Museum which is now part of the Natural History Museum, London

Eurypterus, a fossil eurypterid
The paddles used for swimming are very conspicuous in the Silurian eurypterid Eurypterus from New York State. This individual measures 12 cm in length

St. Cuthberts Beads - rosary made from crinoid columnals
Unidentified crinoid columnals used as beads for jewellery. Specimens from the Carboniferous Yoredale Shales, Ribblehead, Yorkshire

Calymene blumenbachii brongniart, trilobite
This trilobite originates from the 425 million year old Devonian Wenlock Limestone, Dudley, Worcestershire

Permian landscape

Phacops, a fossil trilobite
This Moroccan Devonian Phacops is enrolled, measuring 4.5 cm in width, and has a glabella covered in tubercles

Dalmanites, a fossil trilobite
This example of the Silurian trilobite Dalmanites, 4.2 cm long, shows to perfection the complex dorsal exoskeleton of these extinct arthropods

Asaphus (Neoasaphus) kowalewskii, stalk- eyed trilobite
A complete 3-dimensional stalk-eyed trilobite measuring about 5 cms, discovered at Wolchow River, near St. Petersburgh, Russia. The specimen dates back to the Middle Ordovician period

Cooksonia pertoni, fossilised plant
A fossilised pin-sized plant. The earliest land plants were very small as seen in the minute bifurcating stems terminating in expanded spore sacs of Cooksonia pertoni, 10 mm in length

Mariopteris muricata, seed fern
A leaf of a Carboniferous seed fern plant from Staffordshire

Mucrospirifer, a fossil brachiopod

Stigmaria ficoides, fossil root
This root is preserved in tough Carboniferous sandstone. Stigmaria is the name given to roots of the giant lycopod (prehistoric spore-bearing plant) Lepidodendron

Calymene blumenbachii, trilobite model
Depicted here is a model of a Silurian-Devonian trilobite. Trilobites had a carapace, or shell. They were arthropods as crustaceans, spiders and insects are today

Dimerocrinus, fossil crinoid
Dimerocrinus, a small stemmed crinoid (sea-lily) of Silurian age. The long stem supports a 1.8 cm high crown mostly consisting of the arms employed in feeding

Neuropteris gigantea (Sternberg), Pteridosperm
Part of a frond of Neuropteris gigantea, an Upper Carboniferous plant, a Pteridosperm, from Coseley, near Bilston, west Midlands. Range; Genus, Carboniferous; Species, Westphalian

Stigmaria ficoides (Brongniart), Lycopod
Part of rootscock of a Lycopod, a Carboniferous plant (x1/2.) Upper Carboniferous; Dudley, West Midlands. Range: Carboniferous, 359 to 300 million years ago

Hydnoceras tuberosum, fossil glass sponge
A vase-shaped, fossil glass (silaceous skeleton) sponge from the Devonian of New York

Sphenopteris laurenti, fossil fern
This specimen dates from the Middle Coal Measures, Carboniferous, Clay Cross, Derbyshire, England. The frond is 9 cms long

Kodonophyllum truncatum, fossil coral
Kodonophyllum truncatum (Linne) from the Silurian period, Dudley, West Midlands, England

Alethopteris lonchitica, fossil seed fern
Shown here is a frond of the seed fern Alethopteris, specimen originating from Carboniferous rocks near Barnsley, England

Fossiliferous limestone
Wenlock Limestone from Dudley. Middle Silurian about 420 million years ago

Syringopora, fossil coral
Silicified colony of the tabulate coral Syringopora from the British Carboniferous. The tubular corallites are about 2 mm in diameter

Sopwith Model III: Dislocation of strata
This model represents the side of a valley of denudation, with undisturbed horizontal beds of sedimentary rock when fully assembled

Dorsal & Ventral Isotelus platycephalus
Syntype (?Holotype by monotypy) of Asaphus, now Isotelus platycephalus (Stokes, 1824) Ordovician, Black River Group; St Josephs Island, Lake Huron, Ontario Bigsby Colln. Date: 1824

Conodont, Hindeodus cristulus
Hindeodus cristulus Microscopic fossils from the Carboniferous period, Vis顮 (Avonian), Middle Hosie Limestone; near Pittenweem, Fife, Scotland. (Scale bar = 171 microns

Fossil Holothurian or sea cucumber
Staurocystis quadrifasciata, 6.5 cm long, from the Silurian, Wenlock Limestone of Dudley in Worcestershire, England

Trimerus, a fossil trilobite
Fully preserved, 10 cm long specimen of the Silurian trilobite Trimerus

Deltoblastus, a fossil blastoid
Deltoblastus, 1.5 cm in diameter, from the Permian of Timor. side view

Castericystis vali, a fossil Carpoid
Castericystis vali, 7 cm long with juvenile 0.8 cm long attached at the bottom of the stele, from the Middle Cambrian of Utah

Archimedes swallovanus, bryozoan
Fossil bryozoan dating from the Carboniferous rocks, Mississippian, Golconda Fm. Marigold, Illinois, U.S.A

Crystal apple - cystoid echinoderm
NHM E10. Echinosphaerites aurantium (Gyllenhall). Ordovicain, Popouka, St Petersburg, Russia

Cambrian trilobites from the Falkland Islands
Trilobites from a cobble of archaeocyathan limestone from Port Purvis: PS 218, specimen number NHM PI PO 12074 in the collection of the Palaeontological Department of The Natural History Museum

Carboniferous crinoid garden
Artists impression of Carboniferous (354 to 290 million years ago) underwater crinoid garden

Hallucigenia sparsa, velvet worm
A velvet worm fossil from the Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale, British Columbia

Anomalocaris model
Model of the swimming predator Anomalocaris based on fossils from the Cambrian Burgess Shale, 520 million years old

Calamites suckowi (Brongniart)
Pith cast of Calamites suckowi, an Articulate, Carboniferous plant. Upper Carboniferous; Gosforth, near Newcastle-on-Tyne. Range: Genus, Carboniferous, Species, Westphalian

Burgessia bella, fossil arthropod
An arthropod fossil which lived on the sea floor, dating from the Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale, British Columbia

Alethopteris serli (Brongniart), Pteridosperm
Part of a frond of Alethopteris serli, a Pterisosperm, a plant from the Upper Carboniferous, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Range: Genus, Carboniferous; species, Westphalian

Bactrites carinatus, nautiloid
This straight nautiloid Bactrites carinatus originates from the Devonian of Germany

Visbyshaera oligofurcata, acritarch
Scanning electron microscope image of a microfossil belonging to a group of marine phytoplanktonic organisms known as acritarchs that teemed in Silurian seas about 415 Ma ago

Crassigyrinus
The fossil of a Crassigyrinus, an early amphibian that lived during the Carboniferous period

Silurian seafloor
An artists impression of the seafloor of the shelf sea surrounding Britain during the Silurian (443 to 417 million years ago), with trilobites, brachiopods, rugose corals, and molluscs

Cephalaspid, fishes
Block of Old Red Sandstone from the Lower Devonian period about 400 million years ago containing the skeletons of cephalaspid fishes

Carboniferous coal forest
Artists impression of the swamp forests of ferns and other non-flowering plants which covered much of Britain towards the end of the Carboniferous period (354 to 290 million years ago)

Tubicaulis africanus, tree fern
Common plants of the Palaeophytic. Part of a petrified trunk of the tree fern Tubicaulis africanus, approximately 14cm wide, from the Permian Period, Tanganyika, Africa

Pterichthyodes, fossil fish
Specimen about 370 million years old from the Devonian period with a paper model built by Hugh Miller (1802-56) to help in the understanding of this fossil fish

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