Carboniferous Collection

Coal forest diorama
A diorama of a Carboniferous coal forest (354 to 290 million years ago) previously on display at the former Geological Museum which is now part of the Natural History Museum, London

Forest Primeval
This is the forest primeval... or, to be more precise, in the Carboniferous Period of the Antediluvian Epoch of our planet

Carboniferous L scape
A forest during the Carboniferous era Date: 360-286 million BC

St. Cuthberts Beads - rosary made from crinoid columnals
Unidentified crinoid columnals used as beads for jewellery. Specimens from the Carboniferous Yoredale Shales, Ribblehead, Yorkshire

Animals and plants of the Carboniferous era
European landscape, with animals, during the Carboniferous Era

Tupus diluculum, Bolsover dragonfly
Painting of Tupus diluculum (Bolsover dragonfly), a giant dragonfly from the Upper Carboniferous (354 to 290 mya)

Map of the continents and seas in the Upper Carboniferous era. Atlantis, North America, Asia, European Peninsula, Gondwanaland

Extinct scale tree, Lepidodendron of the Carboniferous era. Illustration from Wilhelm Bolsches Das Leben der Urwelt, Prehistoric Life, Georg Dollheimer, Leipzig, 1932

Extinct giant Pterosaurs, Pterandodon genus, Cretaceous
Extinct giant Pterosaurs, Pterandodon genus, with a 9m wingspan, of the Niobrara sea, North America, Cretaceous period. Illustration by Hugo Wolff-Maage from Wilhelm Bolsches Das Leben der Urwelt

Reconstruction of a swamp forest in the Carboniferous era. Colour print after an illustration by Hugo Wolff-Maage from Wilhelm Bolsches Das Leben der Urwelt, Prehistoric Life, Georg Dollheimer

New Zealand tuatera, Sphenodon punctatus or Sphenodon guntheri. Illustration from Wilhelm Bolsches Das Leben der Urwelt, Prehistoric Life, Georg Dollheimer, Leipzig, 1932

Extinct arborescent plant, Sigillaria genus, Carboniferous
Extinct arborescent plant, Sigillaria genus, of the Carboniferous era. Coal forest era. Illustration from Wilhelm Bolsches Das Leben der Urwelt, Prehistoric Life, Georg Dollheimer, Leipzig, 1932

Extinct marine life in the first third of the Mesosoic. Crinoids, jellyfish, shellfish, molluscs, fish, etc. Illustration from Wilhelm Bolsches Das Leben der Urwelt, Prehistoric Life

Mariopteris muricata, seed fern
A leaf of a Carboniferous seed fern plant from Staffordshire

Carboniferous landscape in Europe
European landscape, with animals, during the Carboniferous Era. Date: 360-286 million BC

Stigmaria ficoides, fossil root
This root is preserved in tough Carboniferous sandstone. Stigmaria is the name given to roots of the giant lycopod (prehistoric spore-bearing plant) Lepidodendron

Neuropteris gigantea (Sternberg), Pteridosperm
Part of a frond of Neuropteris gigantea, an Upper Carboniferous plant, a Pteridosperm, from Coseley, near Bilston, west Midlands. Range; Genus, Carboniferous; Species, Westphalian

Stigmaria ficoides (Brongniart), Lycopod
Part of rootscock of a Lycopod, a Carboniferous plant (x1/2.) Upper Carboniferous; Dudley, West Midlands. Range: Carboniferous, 359 to 300 million years ago

Sphenopteris laurenti, fossil fern
This specimen dates from the Middle Coal Measures, Carboniferous, Clay Cross, Derbyshire, England. The frond is 9 cms long

Alethopteris lonchitica, fossil seed fern
Shown here is a frond of the seed fern Alethopteris, specimen originating from Carboniferous rocks near Barnsley, England

Syringopora, fossil coral
Silicified colony of the tabulate coral Syringopora from the British Carboniferous. The tubular corallites are about 2 mm in diameter

Fern Impressions in Carboniferous Shales, Hutton Colliery - a view of a rock exposed to show fossilised ferns inside. (Location: Ireland). Date: circa early 1900s

Two pieces of Carboniferous sandstone from Ballycastle
Blocked-out view of two pieces of Carboniferous sandstone from Ballycastle. (Location: Northern Ireland; County Antrim; Ballycastle). Date: circa early 1900s

Sopwith Model III: Dislocation of strata
This model represents the side of a valley of denudation, with undisturbed horizontal beds of sedimentary rock when fully assembled

Conodont, Hindeodus cristulus
Hindeodus cristulus Microscopic fossils from the Carboniferous period, Vis顮 (Avonian), Middle Hosie Limestone; near Pittenweem, Fife, Scotland. (Scale bar = 171 microns

Archimedes swallovanus, bryozoan
Fossil bryozoan dating from the Carboniferous rocks, Mississippian, Golconda Fm. Marigold, Illinois, U.S.A

Fossil of Neuropteris grandiflora, an extinct seed fern from the Carboniferous period.. Handcolored lithograph from Dr. F.A

Carboniferous crinoid garden
Artists impression of Carboniferous (354 to 290 million years ago) underwater crinoid garden

Calamites suckowi (Brongniart)
Pith cast of Calamites suckowi, an Articulate, Carboniferous plant. Upper Carboniferous; Gosforth, near Newcastle-on-Tyne. Range: Genus, Carboniferous, Species, Westphalian

Alethopteris serli (Brongniart), Pteridosperm
Part of a frond of Alethopteris serli, a Pterisosperm, a plant from the Upper Carboniferous, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Range: Genus, Carboniferous; species, Westphalian

Crassigyrinus
The fossil of a Crassigyrinus, an early amphibian that lived during the Carboniferous period

Carboniferous coal forest
Artists impression of the swamp forests of ferns and other non-flowering plants which covered much of Britain towards the end of the Carboniferous period (354 to 290 million years ago)

Sigillaria mamillaris (Brongniart), Lycopod
Part of a stem of a Sigillaria mamillaris, a lycopod, a Carboniferous plant. Upper Carboniferous; Darton, near Barnsley, South Yorkshire, Range: Genus, Carboniferous-Permian, Species, Westphalian

Goniatites, fossil ammonite
In marked contrast to Dactylioceras, this Carboniferous Goniatites has a shell in which successive whols overlap stongly, giving a narrow, deep umbilicus

Syringopora reticulata (Goldfuss), coral
A coral dating from the Carboniferous Limestone c.354-327 million years old. Kendal, Westmorland

Spiral axis of Archimedes, bryozoan
Archimedes, was a bryozoan possibly living in association with an alga. From the Lower Carboniferous limestone, Iowa, USA. c. 350-330 million years old

Megapezia footprints
Shown here are the fossilized footprints thought to have been made c. 340m yrs ago by Megapezia. Specimen originates from Yorkshire, England

Fenestrellina plebeia, net bryozoan
A net bryozoan (colonial organisms) from the Carboniferous of North of Wales. In this specimen, the colony measures 6 cms across

Calamites sp. cast of trunk
Natural cast of trunk interior of Calamites sp. Approximately 40 cm in length. Curvature indicates that this specimen comes from near the base of the tree. Dates back to the late carboniferous period

Cyclophthalmus senior, insect
A scorpion-like terrestrial insect dating from the Carboniferous to the present

Neuropteris, seed fern
Shown here is the Carboniferous seed fern plant, Neuropteris

Carboniferous limestone sea
Bridget Kempsters impression of a shallow coral Carboniferous (354 to 290 million years ago) limestone sea, depicting fish and an abundance of crinoids and coral

Millstone Grit, Stanage Edge, Derbyshire
A Millstone Grit outcrop at Stanage Edge, Derbyshire. Old, discarded mill stone wheels can bee seen in the foreground

Sigillaria laevigata, fossil lycopod bark
This carboniferous fossilised lycopod (prehistoric spore-bearing plants) bark specimen is 9 cm long

Neuropteris, fossil plant
Neuropteris, a seed fern plant dating from the Carboniferous period

Gastrioceras, goniatite
Gastrioceras, a Carboniferous goniatite. Goniatites were highly mobile creatures similar to octopus and squid, but were protected by a coiled shell divided up into many chambers

Fossilised millipede (Class Diplopoda)
This fossil is preserved in a siltstone nodule of Carboniferous age from the Yorkshire Coalfield. Length 63mm (unstraightened), length of nodule 76mm

Neuropteris heterophylla
Fern like frond of the extinct gymnosperm from Clay Cross, Derbyshire, England dating from the Carboniferous. Specimen held at the Natural History Museum, London

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