Hominini Collection (#7)

Homo sapiens (Singa 1) cranium endocast
An endocast of a heavily mineralized cranium once belonging to that of Homo sapiens who lived about 130, 000 years ago. This specimen was discovered in Singa, Sudan by W.R.G. Bond in 1924

Homo erectus, Peking man cranium (reconstruction)
Reconstruction of a female Homo erectus cranium based upon the remains from many individuals discovered at Zhoukoudian Cave (Locality 1), China dating back 500, 000 years

Neanderthal excavation, 1998
Palaeoanthropologists from the Natural History Museum, London search for evidence of Neanderthal habitation, 1998

Demodex uncii, follicle mite
A follicle mite magnified X600. The follicle mite is a worm-like microscopic mite which lives in the follicles and sebaceous gland of most humans

Paranthropus boisei (based on OH5)
Illustration by Maurice Wilson of a three-quarter view of Paranthropus boisei, a robust australopithecus which lived in Southern and Eastern Africa

Human hair
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image showing a human hair with the cuticle reflexed

Pongo pygmaeus, orang-outang
The muscles of the Pongo pygmaeus from Orang-Outang sive Homo Sylvestris: or, The Anatomy of a Pygmie Compared with That of a Monkey, an Ape, and a Man by Edward Tyson, 1699

Flint tool from the Pakefield excavation site. Manmade stone tools have been discovered in Suffolk, in the UK, and indicate humans were living there at least 680, 000 years ago

Pakefield flint tools
Flint tools from the Pakefield excavation site. Manmade stone tools have been discovered in Suffolk, in the UK, and indicate humans were living there at least 680, 000 years ago

Flint tools from the Pakefield excavation site. Manmade stone tools have been discovered in Suffolk, in the UK, and indicate humans were living there at least 680, 000 years ago

Homo erectus, Acheulian man
An illustration of a lakeside campsite 400, 000 years ago of Acheulian man (Homo erectus) in the Quaternary Hoxnian Interglacial period, Lower Palaeolithic

Sivapithecus indicus
Illustration by Maurice Wilson of Sivapithecus indicus, thick coated enamelled apes from Turkey and Indo-Pakistan dating from 13 million years ago

Homo neanderthalensis, Neanderthal Man burial site (Teshik-T
Reconstruction of a Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) burial site based on remains discovered at Teshik-Tash, Uzbekistan dating back 70, 000 years

Homo neanderthalensis (Kebarah) burial site
Burial site of Neanderthal Man (Homo neanderthalensis), 60, 000 years old from the Pleistocene, Kabara, Israel. On display in From the Beginning, Gallery 63

Homo sapiens (Predmosti) & Homo neanderthalensis (La Ferrass

Paranthropus boisei (OH5)

Proconsul, Homo heildebergensis & Homo neanderthalensis cran
L to R: Cranium of Proconsul, an extinct primate that lived 18 million years ago; Homo heildebergensis (Broken Hill 1) discovered in Zambia; and Homo neanderthalensis (Gibraltar 1)

The Clacton Spear
This spear is named after Clacton-on-sea which is where it was discovered in 1911. It dates back 450, 000 years old making it the oldest wooden spear to have been found in the British Isles

Paranthropus sp. (left) and Homo erectus (right)
Illustration by Maurice Wilson. 2 to 1.5 million years ago parts of Africa were populated by these two hominids. Paranthropus foraged peacefully but here is threatened by Homo erectus

Homo sapiens, Red Lady of Paviland (Paviland 1)
A Femur stained red with ochre from the oldest known modern human burial in Britain which dates back 26, 500 years. The specimen has been named The Red Lady of Paviland

Homo neanderthalensis, Neanderthal mans flake tool
A flake tool discovered at Tabun, Israel belonging to Neanderthal Man (Homo neanderthalensis) dating back 100, 000 years

Homo heildelbergensis, Broken Hill or Rhodesian Man
Illustration by Michael Wilson of a Rhodesian man (H. heildelbergensi) family reconstructed from fossils discovered at Broken Hill, Kabwe, Zambia

Dancing woman in green serpentine

Homo neanderthalensis, Neanderthal Man cranium (Neanderthal
Cranium (cast) of Neanderthal 1, the original Neanderthal man discovered by workmen in 1856 in a cave at Neander Valley near Hochdahl, East of Dusseldorf, Germany

Australopithecus africanus cranium (Sts 5)
Cast reconstruction of cranium belonging to Australopithecus africanus discovered at Sterkfontein by Dr Robert Broom and J.T. Robinson in April 1947

Homo sapiens cranium (Piltdown 1)
Two pieces that represent the Piltdown 1 cranium held at The Natural History Museum, London. This specimen was reported as being discovered at Piltdown

Homo sapiens molars (Piltdown 1)
Examination of the Piltdown dentition revealed that the molars which had been claimed to have been discovered in 1913 were abraded to make them appear older. They were in fact molars from an Orangutan

Homo sapiens skeleton (Omo 1)
The skeleton of Homo sapiens discovered by Richard Leakeys team in 1967 at Kibish, north west of Camp Kenya, East of the Omo River, Eithiopia. Dated 130, 000 years old

H. heildebergensis & H. sapiens (Broken Hill 1, Florisbad 1
L to R: Homo heildebergensis (Broken Hill 1) male adult cranium, Homo sapiens (Florisbad 1) adult cranium, Homo sapiens sapiens (Fish Hoek 1) illustrating the evolution of Modern Man

Ilium of Homo heildebergensis (Broken Hill) and of Modern Ho
Superior view comparison of pelvis of Homo heidelbergensis, (Broken Hill) E719 dating back 130, 000 discovered at Broken Hill, Zambia, with a recent British (Homo sapiens) pelvis

Homo sapiens crania comparison
From Upper Cave Zhoukoudian, China (left and middle) and Predmosti, Czech Republic (right). All dated at about 30, 000 years ago, held at The Natural History Museum, London. Photo by Chris Stringer

Homo habilis cranium (OH24)
Cast of a crushed cranium from Bed 1, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, (OH 24) known as Twiggy. Discovered by Discovered by Paul Nzube in 1968. The specimen dates back to between 1.75 and 2 m y a

Homo neanderthalensis (calpicus) cranium (Gibraltar 1)
Frontal view of an adult female Neanderthal cranium discovered at Forbes Quarry, Gibraltar. Its discovery was announced by Lieutenant Flint in 1848 and it is believed to be 50, 000 years old

Homo erectus femur (Trinil)
A cast of a Homo erectus femur originally discovered at the Trinil site on the Solo River, Java, Indonesia by Eugene Dubois between 1891 and 1892

Homo habilis cranium (OH24) (reconstruction)
Cast of a reconstructed cranium from Bed 1, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Olduvai Hominid 24, known as Twiggy (OH 24). Discovered by Paul Nzube in 1968

Homo sapiens (Goughs Cave 3) cranium
Modern human childs skull with cut marks excavated from Goughs Cave, Cheddar, Somerset. Dated at around 14, 000 to 12, 000 years old, late upper palaeolilthic (Creswellian)

Professor Chris Stringer with four hominid skulls
Top left: Modern Human (Europe). Top right: Modern Human (Africa). Bottom left: Gibraltar Neanderthal, Forbes Quarry. Bottom right: Broken Hiil Skull, Zambia

Homo heidelbergensis (Broken Hill) & Homo erectus pelvis (
Side view comparison of pelvis (ischium) of a male Homo heidelbergensis, (Broken Hill E719) and a cast of Homo erectus Pelvis (OH28) discovered at Olduvai Gorge

Homo sapiens cranium (Skhul 5)
Frontal view of a reconstructed cast skull belonging to a male, 30-40 years old Homo sapiens, discovered at Mugharet Es-Skhul, Cave in the Wadi el-Mughara, Mt Carmel, Israel, by T.D

Neotrombicula autumnalis, harvest mite
These harvest mites also known as bracken bugs or chiggers occur in Britain during late summer. The tiny mites attach themselves under tight fitting clothes, feed and then detach causing itchy scabs

Homo sapiens (Ckn. UC. 101) cranium (Zhoukoudian)
Facial view of a cast of a skull belonging to Homo sapiens male. Original specimen was discovered in Upper Cave (Shandingdong), South West of Peking, China. Thought to be around 24, 000 years old

Homo sapiens skull (Italy)
Homo sapiens cranium dating back to around 500 BC, showing the typical morphology fora skull from Italy for the Etruscan period

Homo sapiens cranium (Florisbad 1)
Lateral and frontal view of a cast of a Homo sapiens skull from Florisbad, South Africa. Upper Pleistocene 130, 000-12, 000 BP. Reconstructed by P. Cohen

H. erectus, H. heidelbergensis, H. neanderthalensis, H. sapi
Rear views: Homo erectus ( Sangiran); Homo heidelbergensis ( Broken Hill); Homo neanderthalensis ( La Ferrassie) & Modern Homo sapiens, ( Polynesia)

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