Hominini Collection (#3)

Skull cups and bone fragments, Goughs Cave
Skull cups identified among human remains from Goughs Cave, Somerset. At around 14, 700 years old, the skull cups are the oldest directly dated examples in the world

Homo heidelbergensis mandible casts (Mauer 1 and Swartkrans)
The larger mandible is a cast from Homo heidelbergensis and was discovered by workmen at Mauer sand-pit, Germany in 1907. The smaller is of a mandible discovered in Swartkrans, South Africa

Paranthropus robustus cranium (SK 48)
A cast of the cranium belonging to an adult female Paranthropus robustus discovered at Swartkrans, South Africa by Dr. Robert Broom and J.T. Robinson. P. robustus lived around 1.5 million years ago

Aurignacian tools
A bone point, probably a spearhead and a flint end-scraper tool of Aurignacian age, 30, 000 - 34, 000 years old from France

Australopithecus africanus model
Model of an adult female Australopithecus africanus reconstructed from remains found at Sterkfontein, South Africa. Probably lived about 2.5 million years ago during the Plio-Pleistocene

Skull cup found at Goughs Cave
A skull cup identified among human remains from Goughs Cave, Somerset. At around 14, 700 years old, the skull cups are the oldest directly dated examples in the world

Australopithecus sp. hip bone
The hip bone (Os coxae) of Australopithecus from Sterkfontein, South Africa

Homo habilis cranium & mandible fragment casts
Casts of fragments mandible and cranium fragments of a Homo habilis discovered at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania dating back to between 1.85 million years ago to 1.6 million years ago

Australopithecus sp. thigh & hip bone

Homo sapiens cranium
A cast of a human (Homo sapiens) cranium held at the Natural History Museum, London

Part of human perinatal skeleton from Poundbury Cemetery (Romano-British, 2nd / 3rd century A.D.), Dorset

Venus in limestone
Figure of a woman, or Venus, engraved in limestone, Gravettian age 22, 000 - 30, 000 years old (Upper Palaeolithic) from Abri Pataud in France. Created by Cro-Magnon man

Australopithecus sediba
Exact fossil replicas of two of the most complete skeletons of early human relatives ever found. These replicas come from the University of Witwaterstand

Hoxnian anters, bones & hand axe from Swanscombe
Part of a deer antler, fragment of elephant bone and flint hand axe all discovered at Swanscombe, Kent, south of the River Thames

Lower jaw casts of Paranthropus robustus (Swartkrans 23) and
From Swartkrans, South Africa (left) and Peninj, Tanzania (right)

Romano-british human collar bone
Anterior of medial end of right collar bone of a human skeleton from Radley in Oxfordshire. Age between 50 BC and 410 AD

Homo heidelbergensis cranium (Petralona 1)
An adult male cranium (cast) discovered at the foot of Katsika Hill, Petralona, south east of Thessaloniki, Greece. The specimen dates back 400, 000 years. It was discovered by J

Homo erectus cranium (OH9)
The cranium (cast) of Homo erectus discovered at Bed II, site LLK at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania by Louis Leakey in 1960. This specimen is the Holotype of Homo leakeyi. This specimen dates back c

Homo sapiens (Goughs Cave 190) cranium
Modern human skull showing cut marks excavated from Goughs Cave, Cheddar, Somerset dated at around 14, 000 to 12, 000 years old, late upper palaeolithic (Creswellian)

Paragonimus sp. parasitic worm
Human lung fluke, a parasitic worm. Common in South East Asia, in 1980 there were thought to be 3 million people infected

Homo sapiens cranium (Mladec 1)
Lateral view of a cast of a skull belonging to a male Homo sapiens discovered at Mladec, Boceks Cave by J. Szombathy, June 1881

Homo sapiens cranium (Qafzeh 6)
Lateral view of a cast of (Qafzeh 6), a homo sapiens cranium with dentition. Discovered at Djebel Kafzeh, Israel by R. Neuville & M. Stekelis, 1934. Middle Palaeolithic 250, 000-35, 000 BP

Homo sapiens (Goughs Cave) ulna
Broken human ulna excavated from Goughs Cave, Cheddar, Somerset dated at around 14, 000 to 12, 000 years old, late upper palaeolithic (Creswellian)

Homo sapiens skull
Lateral and frontal view of a cast of Homo sapiens skull from Eliye Springs, Kenya. Middle Pleistocene 790, 000-130, 000

Homo sapiens (Goughs Cave 6) mandible
Adult mandible excavated from Goughs Cave, Cheddar, Somerset dates back to around 14, 000 to12, 000 years ago (Creswellian)

Homo sapiens cranium (Mungo 3)
Frontal view of a cast of a skull belonging to Homo sapiens, discovered off Lake Mungo, North East of Mildura, Australia

Homo neanderthalensis cranium (Guattari 1)
Frontal view of a cast of the skull belonging to Homo Neanderthalensis (Neandertal Man), adult male, discovered at Grotta Guattari, Mount Circeo, Italy, by A. Guattari, 1939

Homo sapiens cranium (Stetten 1)
Frontal view of a cast of a cranium belonging to an adult, possibly male, Homo sapiens discovered at Cave Vogelherd-Hohle, North West of Stetten by G. Riek, July 1931

Homo sapiens cranium (Singa 1)
Lateral view of a Homo sapiens skull discovered at Singa, West bank of the River Nile, Sudan, by W.R.G Bond, February 1924

Homo sapiens cranium (Mladec 5)
Lateral view of a cast of an adult male Homo sapiens skull disovered at Mladec (Lautsch), Boceks Cave, N. Moravia, Czech Republic, by workers, March 1904

Hermetia illucens, soldier fly
Soldier fly from Christmas Island. Example of a species of fly that has been spread by human activity. Specimen held at the Natural History Museum, London

Homo sapiens cranium (Qafzeh 11)
Lateral view of a cast of the Qafzeh child (Early Modern Homo sapiens) discovered at Djebel kafzeh, Israel by B. Vandermeersch, 1965-1969, dating back to around 100, 000 years

Homo sapiens cranium (Wadjak 1)
Three-quarter view of a cast of a cranium of Homo sapiens from Wadjak, Java. Age about 6, 000 BP

Homo ergaster cranium (KNM - ER 3733)
Homo ergaster cranium from Koobi Fora, Area 104, Kenya. Cast of KNM - ER 3733. side view. Scale in cms. This specimen discovered in 1975 by Bernard Ngeneo dates back to 1.6 million years ago

Paranthropus robustus cranium with perforations
Cast of cranial bones of Paranthropus robustus with two perforations probably made by a leopard. Original skull from Swartkrans, Transvaal, S. Africa

Paranthropus robustus cranium (SK46)
Frontal view of a cast of an adult, probably female, cranium, crushed, with half of braincase, portion of face, palatinum and maxilla. Discovered at Swartkrans, South Africa by Robert Broom and J.T

Homo rudolfensis cranium (KNM - ER 1470)
Homo habilis cranium from Koobi Fora, Area 131, Kenya. Cast of KNM - ER 1470 (1st reconstruction). Three-quarter view. Scale in cms

Homo habilis cranium (KNM - ER 1813)
Homo habilis cranium discovered by K. Kimeu (1973) at Koobi Fora, Area 123, Kenya. Cast of KNM - ER 1813. Dated at around 1.8 million years old. Front view. Scale in cms

Late archaic Homo sapiens cranium (Skhul 9)
The cranium of late archaic Homo sapiens known as Skhul 9 discovered at the Skhul Cave, Israel. This specimen dates to back 105, 000 years ago

Homo sapiens cranium (UC 101)
Skull UC 101 discovered at the upper cave (Shandingdong), Zhoukoudian, China. This specimen belonging to Modern Homo sapiens dates back to 30, 000 years ago

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