Images Dated 1st September 2022

Harrow-on-the-Hill, Middlesex Date: 1926

Alonso Tostado - Spanish theologian, and bishop of Avila
Alonso Fernandez de Madrigal, known as Alonso Tostado (1410-1455). Spanish clergyman, academicist and writer. Bishop of Avila 1454-1455. Portrait. Engraving

Inigo Lopez de Mendoza (1438-1500)
Inigo Lopez de Mendoza (1398-1458). Spanish nobleman of the House of Mendoza. 1st Marquis of Santillana. Portrait. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Alvaro de Luna (1390-1435) wearing battle uniform
Alvaro de Luna (1390-1453). Castilian nobleman of the House of Luna. Constable of Castile, Grand Master of the Order of Santiago and favourite of King John II of Castile

John II of Castile (1405-1454). King of Castile between 1406-1454. House of Trastamara. King John II wearing battle uniform. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Mossen Borra, real name Antoni Tallander
Mosen Borra, real name Antoni Tallander (born in Barcelona in 1358)

Alvaro de Luna (1390-1435). Castilian nobleman
Alvaro de Luna (1390-1453). Castilian nobleman of the House of Luna. Constable of Castile, Grand Master of the Order of Santiago and favourite of King John II of Castile. Portrait. Engraving

John II of Castile (1405-1454). King of Castile between 1406-1454. House of Trastamara. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Spain. Navarre. Cloisters of the Cathedral of Pamplona, 13th-14th centuries. Illustration by Pizarro. Engraving by Cibera. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Spain. Toledo. Synagogue of Saint Mary the White. Erected in 1180 in Mudejar style. Interior view. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Vionat of Bar (c.1365-1431). Queen consort of Aragon
Violant of Bar (c.1365-1431). Queen consort of Aragon by marriage to John I of Aragon, as the second wife of the king. Engraving by Capuz, Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Juan I of Aragon - the Hunter or the Lover of all Elegance
Juan I of Aragon, called the Hunter or the Lover of all Elegance (1350-1396). King of Aragon, Valencia, Mallorca, Sardinia and Corsica, and Count of Barcelona, Roussillon and Sardinia (1387-1396)

Eleanor of Sicily (1325-1375). Queen of Aragon (1349-1375). Third wife of King Peter IV of Aragon. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Henry II (1334-1379), called Henry of Trastamara or the Fratricidal. He was the first King of Castile and Leon from the House of Trastamara. Portrait. Engraving

Maria of Navarre (c. 1326-1347). Infanta of Navarra and queen consort of Aragon (1338-1347). Wife of Pedro IV of Aragon. Portrait. Illustration of Urrabieta. Engraving by Capuz

Spain. Monastery of Santa Maria Real de Las Huelgas
Spain. Castile. Monastery of Santa Maria Real de Las Huelgas. Cistercian feminine monastery, near Burgos. Cloister. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Spain. Templar Castle of Monzon. Engraving, 19th century
Spain. Templar Castle of Monzon. Engraving by Cibera. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

King Ferdinand III of Castile, called the Saint (1199-1201)
Ferdinand III of Castile, called the Saint (1199-1201). King of Castile (1217-1252) and Leon (1230-1252). Illustration by Urrabieta. Engraving by Severini

Spain. Toledo. General view of the city. Engraving
Spain. Toledo. General view of the city. Illustration by Brabo. Engraving by Burgos. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Violant of Hungary (1215-1251). Queen of Aragon (1235-1251)
Violant of Hungary (1215-1251). Queen consort of Aragon (1235-1251) and second wife of James I of Aragon. Portrait. Engraving by Capuz. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

James I of Aragon, the Conqueror (1208-1276). King of Aragon (1213-1276), Valencia (1238-1276) and Majorca (1229-1276), Count of Barcelona (1213-1276), Count of Urgell and Lord of Montpellier

Conquest of Seville, by troops of Fernando III of Castile
Middle Ages. 13th century. Reconquest. Conquest of Seville by the Christian troops of Fernando III of Castile (1199-1252). Illustration by Vallejo. Engraving by Cibera

Spain. Andalusia. Seville. Torre del Oro (The Gold Tower)
Spain, Andalusia, Seville. Torre del Oro (The Gold Tower). Illustration by Brabo. Engraving by Burgos. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Spain. Primate Cathedral of Saint Mary of Toledo. Built in the 13th century, Gothic style. Illustration by Pizarro. Engraving by Burgos. Historia General de Espana by Padre Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Spain. Burgos. General view of main facade of the Cathedral
Spain. Castile-Leon. Burgos. General view of the main facade of the Cathedral. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Elisabeth of Swabia or Beatrice of Swabia (1205-1235). Member of the House of Hohenstaufen. Queen consort of Castile and Leon by marriage to Ferdinand III. Engraving by Coderch

Military and religious Order of Alcantara - Knight
Military and religious Order of Alcantara, founded in 1156 in the Kingdom of Leon. Knight of Alcantara wearing the emblem of the Alcantara cross embroidered on his cape. Engraving

Order of Santiago. Religious and military order founded in the 12th century in the kingdom of Leon. Knight of Santiago. Engraving by Capuz. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Eleonor of England (1160-1214). Queen of Castile
Eleanor of England (1160-1214). Daughter of King Henry II of England. Queen consort and regent of Castile. Wife of Alfonso VIII of Castile. Engraving by Coderch

Spain. Toledo. Tower of the Church of San Roman. Built in the 13th century in Mudejar style. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Queen Berengaria (1180-1246). Queen of Castile. Portrait
Berengaria (1180-1246). Queen of Castile and Queen consort of Leon. Portrait. Engraving by Capuz. Historia General Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Presentation of the embassy of the King of Persia
Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, known as El Cid Campeador (c. 1043-1099). Castilian nobleman, knighted by Sancho II of Castile. Presentation of the embassy of the King of Persia to The Cid

Order of Solomon's Temple. Knight Templar. Engraving, 1852
Catholic military monastic order of the Temple. Knight Templar. Engraving by Coderch. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Urraca of Leon (1081-1126) called the Reckless. Queen of Leon, Castile and Galicia Empress (1109-1126). Engraving by Capuz. Historia General Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

History of Spain. Al Andalus. Faqih from Toledo
History of Spain. Al Andalus. Faqih. Islamic jurist and expert in Fiqh or Islamic jurisprudence. Faqih from Toledo. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, known as El Cid Campeador (c. 1043-1099). Castilian nobleman, knighted by the Infante Sancho

Spain, Burgos province, Castrillo del Val. Monastery of San Pedro de Cardena. Founded by the Benedictine friars. Processional cloister. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by padre Mariana

Prison, Count of Castile Fernando Gonzalez, Fernan Gonzalez
Prison of the Count of Castile, Fernando Gonzalez or Fernan Gonzalez (c. 910-970). Engraving by Coderch. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Spain, Andalusia. Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba. Exterior view. Engraving by Coderch. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Cordoba. The Roman Bridge over Guadalquivir river
Spain, Andalusia, Cordoba. The Roman Bridge over the Guadalquivir river, also called the Old Bridge. Engraving by Cibera. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Iberian Peninsula. The Navarran Pyrenees. Pass of Roncevaux or Roncevaux gorge

Battle of Guadalete (July 19-26, 711). The Visigoth king Roderick was defeated by the Muslim Umayyad Caliphate led by Tariq ibn Ziyad. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana

Pelagius of Asturias (c. 685-737). Visigoth nobleman, leader of the Asturian rebellion (718-737) against the Muslim power and winner in the Battle of Covadonga

Pelagius of Asturias (c. 685-737). Visigoth nobleman, leader of the Asturian rebellion (718-737) against the Muslim power and winner in the Battle of Covadonga

Visigothic Hispania. Goth prince. Engraving, 19th century
Visigothic Hispania. Goth prince. Engraving. General History of Spain by Father Mariana. Madrid. 1852

Wamba (c.630-688). Visigoth king of Hispania (672-680)
Wamba (c. 630-688). Visigoth king of Hispania (672-680). Coronation of King Wamba in Toledo, who was anointed by Bishop Quiricus on 20 September 672. Illustration by Vallejo. Engraving by Capuz

Military costume of the Goths. Engraving by Coderch
Visigothic Hispania. Military costume of the Goths. Engraving by Coderch. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana, 1852

History of Europe. Soldier of the early Goths. Engraving by Coderch. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Roman legions in testudo or tortoise formation
Roman Empire. Roman legions in the testudo or tortoise formation. Engraving by Capuz. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Death of Visigothic king Theodoric I during battle
Theodoric I (d. 451). Visigothic king

Costumes of the Goths of the plebs. Engraving, 1852
Costumes of the plebs of the Goths. Engraving by Coderch. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Spain. Extremadura. Alcantara Bridge over the Tagus River
Spain. Extremadura. Caceres province. Alcantara Bridge over the Tagus River. Built by the Romans between 103-104. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Siete tower or breaching tower. Siege engine
Siege tower or breaching tower. Siege engine. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Spain. Segovia. Roman aqueduct. Engraving, 1852
Spain, Segovia. Roman aqueduct. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Spain, Catalonia. Aqueduct of Tarragona, also known as the Bridge of Ferreres or Pont del Diable

Tiberius (42 BC-37 AD). Emperor from 14 AD to 37 AD
Tiberius (42 BC-37 AD). Second Roman emperor. Julio-Claudian dynasty. He reigned from 14 AD to 37 AD. Portrait. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Augustus (63 BC-14 AD). First Roman Emperor. Portrait
Augustus (61 BC-14 AD). First emperor of the Roman Empire. He reigned from 27 BC to 14 AD. Portrait. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Ballista or bolt thrower. Ancient missile weapon
Ancient times. The ballista or bolt thrower. Ancient siege weapon that threw arrows, darts and javelins to distant targets. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Hannibal Barca (247-183 BC). Carthaginian general and statesman

Ancient history. Battering ram. Siege weapon used to break open the masonry walls of fortifications or splinter their wooden gates. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana

Carthaginian warrior. Engraving, 19th century
Carthaginian warrior. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Hercules or Heracles. Hero of classical mythology
Hercules (Roman mythology) or Heracles (Greek mythology). Hero of classical mythology. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Ancient history. Phoenician warrior. Engraving, 19th century
Ancient history. Phoenician warrior. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Ancient history. Majorcan slinger. Engraving, 1852
Ancient history. Balearic slingers. Mercenary warriors armed with slingshots in the service of the Roman and Carthaginian armies. Majorcan slinger. Engraving

Juan de Mariana, also known as Father Mariana (1536-1624). Spanish Jesuit theologian and historian. Portrait. Engraving. Historia General de Espana by Father Mariana. Madrid, 1852

Guerras de Flandes (Wars of Flanders). First Decade, from the death of Emperor Charles V to the beginning of the government of Alexander Farnese. Written in Latin by the R.P

Guerras de Flandes (Wars of Flanders). Second Decade. From the beginning of the government of Alexander Farnese. Written in Latin by the R.P. Famiano Estrada, of the Society of Jesus

Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne (1554-1611). French nobleman. Military leader of the Catholic League. Portrait. Engraving, detail. Wars of Flanders. Edition published in Antwerp, 1748

Henry IV the Great (1553-1610). King of Navarre as Henry III (1572-1610) and King of France as Henry IV (1589-1610). Chief of the Huguenots (1569). Portrait. Engraving. Wars of Flanders

Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne (1554-1611). French nobleman. Military leader of the Catholic League. Portrait. Engraving. Wars of Flanders. Edition published in Antwerp, 1748

Henry IV the Great (1553-1610). King of Navarre as Henry III (1572-1610) and King of France as Henry IV (1589-1610). Chief of the Huguenots (1569). Portrait. Engraving. Wars of Flanders

Henry III of France (1551-1589). King of France. Portrait
Henry III of France (1551-1589). King of France (1574-1589). House of Valois-Angouleme. Portrait. Engraving, detail. Wars of Flanders. Edition published in Antwerp, 1748

Thomas Sailly (1553-1623). Jesuit military chaplain

Henry III of France (1551-1589). King of France. Portrait
Henry III of France (1551-1589). King of France (1574-1589). House of Valois-Angouleme. Portrait. Engraving. Wars of Flanders. Edition published in Antwerp, 1748

Francis of Anjou (1554-1584). French prince. Duke of Anjou and Alencon. Engraving. Detail. Wars of Flanders. Edition published in Antwerp, 1748

Robert Dudley - English nobleman and statesman
Robert Dudley (1532-1588). 1st Earl of Leicester. English nobleman and statesman. Portrait. Engraving. Wars of Flanders. Edition published in Antwerp, 1748

William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (1560-1620)
William Louis (1560-1620). Count of Nassau-Dillenburg. The eldest son of John VI of Nassau-Dillenburg. Stadtholder of Friesland, Drenthe and Groningen. He commanded the Dutch States Army Portrait

Philip of Hohenloe-Neuenstein (1550-1606), called Hollock. Count of Hohenloe-Langenburg. Dutch army commander in the service of the United Provinces of the Netherlands. Portrait. Engraving

Alexander Farnese (1545-1592). Portrait
Alexander Farnese (1545-1592). Italian aristocrat and military man in the service of Spain. Portrait. Engraving, detail. Wars of Flanders. Edition published in Antwerp, 1748

Alexander Farnese (1545-1592). Italian aristocrat and military man in the service of Spain. Engraving. Wars of Flanders. Edition published in Antwerp, 1748

Francis of Anjou (1554-1584) Detail
Francis of Anjou (1554-1584). French prince. Duke of Anjou and Alencon. Engraving. Detail. Wars of Flanders. Edition published in Antwerp, 1748

Maximilien de Henin, 3rd count of Boussu (1542-1578). Military and statesman from the Habsburg Netherlands. Engraving. Detail. Wars of Flanders. Edition published in Antwerp, 1748

Luis de Requesens y Zuniga (1528-1576). Spanish military and politician. Commander in Castile of the Order of Santiago and Governor-General of the Netherlands. Engraving. Wars of Flanders

Francis of Anjou (1554-1584). French prince. Duke of Anjou and Alencon. Engraving. Wars of Flanders. Edition published in Antwerp, 1748

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