Spalart Collection

Inhabitants of Moscow, Russia.. Handcolored copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalarts Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of Antiquity and of the Middle Ages (1796)

Roman one-horse chariot known as the Rheda, Cavruca or Cavrus.. Handcolored copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalarts Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of Antiquity

Dacian cavalry with sabre and shield, and Numidian on horseback.. Handcolored copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalarts Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of Antiquity

Siege of a medieval castle. Knights in armour, archers and soldiers on ladders storm a castle defended by soldiers throwing rocks and boiling oil

Roman military standard-bearer with the aqulia or signum of the legion, trumpeter and horn player.. Handcolored copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalarts Historical Picture of the Costumes of

Hedingham Castle and St Botolphs Priory
The keep of the Norman castle at Hedingham, Essex 252, and the church at St. Botolphs Priory, in Colchester, Essex 253. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalarts Historical Picture

Jewish high priest and kneeling Jewish woman with veil.. Handcolored copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalarts Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of Antiquity

Roman racing chariots: four-horse Quadriga at top and two-horse Biga below.. Handcolored copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalarts Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of

Medieval weapons: Dull swords or kolben for the Kolbenturnier 302, pike 303, halberd 304, partisan 305, wooden battle hammer 306, iron battle hammer 307, lance with crooked spike 308

Norman weaponry: lance 212, Gisarma or halberd 213, Bipennis or double battle axe 214, battle axe 215, 226, 227, spear 216, jousting spear 217, cross-bearing orb or Reichsapfel 218-220

Rider performing carousel exercises with lance, sword and pistol, jousting at a ring and a dummy head. Copied from Francois Robichon de La Guerinieres Ecole de Cavalerie, 1730

Girl of Granada of the poorest class during the Islamic era, Emirate of Granada (1238-1492).. Handcolored copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalart's Historical Picture of the Costumes of

Medieval knights in a pitched battle. Lines of cavalry charging on an open field. From Hans Burgkmairs Triomphe de l Empereur Maximilian I, 1526

Knights performing the Torch Dance (Fackeltanz). They wear plumed helmets, face masks and short jackets with ribbons from the shoulder. From Hans Burgkmairs Triomphe de l Empereur Maximilian I, 1526

Procession of riders on unicorn, goat and horse
A procession with riders mounted on a unicorn, a goat and a horse wearing heraldic colours. The male and female riders hold lances with banners

Public expulsion of a knight from an Order of Chivalry. His armour and sword are removed, his spurs hacked off, and he is rebaptized and named a traitor

Two perfect knights mountaintop fortress castles in Austria. (Hochosterwitz and Kreuzenstein?) Copied from Matthaeus Merians Topographie von Osterreich, 1649

Tomb of a knight who had participated in a crusade, with crucifix and cupid. Copied from Aubin-Louis Milins Antiquites Nationales, 1791

Kubelturnier or bucket joust, 16th century. Copied from works by Jeremias Schemer and Esaias von Hulsen. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalarts Historical Picture of the Costumes

Ruins of the medieval castles at Lichtenstein and Falkensten
Ruins of the medieval castle at Lichtenstein, Germany, 333, and ruins of Falkensten Castle, Austria, 334. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalarts Historical Picture of

Ruins of ancient knights castles. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalarts Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of Antiquity and of the Middle Ages

Ruins of an ancient knights castle. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalarts Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of Antiquity and of the Middle Ages

Tournament on foot held at Kassel in 1596
Foot tournament held at Kassel in 1596 to celebrate the baptism of Princess Elizabeth of Hessen-Kassel. The knights goal was to break three lances and five swords on their opponents armour

Jousting at a quintain or pavo. Taken from Antoine de Pluvinels L Instruction du Roy en l exercise de monter a cheval, 1668

Jousting at a ring. Taken from Antoine de Pluvinels L Instruction du Roy en l exercise de monter a cheval, 1668. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalarts Historical Picture of

A thanksgiving ceremony and show of heraldic arms before a tournament. Knights helmets and shields were checked for their heraldic accuracy

A medieval tourney with cudgel, sword and lance. From an illustration in Georg Ruxners Origins of the Tourney in the German Nation, 1532

Helmet show before a tournament. Knights helmets and shields were checked for their heraldic accuracy. From an illustration in Georg Ruxners Origins of the Tourney in the German Nation, 1532

Twelve knights dancing in front of a candle-lit house inside a grand hall. Part of the celebration of the birth of Freiderich, Duke of Wurttemberg

Twenty masked musicians and dancers emerge
Twenty masked and costumed musicians and dancers emerge from four monstrous heads. Dance of the Nations, part of the celebrations of the birth of Freiderich, Duke of Wurttemberg, 1616

The Rittershaal or Knights Hall in Kleve castle, Germany, demolished in 1771. The hall was 126 feet long by 54 feet wide and had a barrel-vault ceiling

Medieval helmets and shields
Knights helms 287-9, chainmail hood worn under the helm 290, shields for knights on horseback 291-293, and shields for knights on foot 294, 295

Norman funeral, chapel and equipment: a Norman funeral rite 278, Norman chapel with altar 279, umbrella 280, quintaine 281, quill pen and inkwell 282, knife and scabbard 283, key 284

Norman furniture: a royal bed 276 and a common bed 277. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalarts Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of Antiquity

Norman furniture and a king on his throne
Norman furniture: tressel 265, throne 266, church candlesticks 267, 268, clay vessels 269-274, and a Norman king on a throne 275

Norman castles in England
Ruin of an old Norman castle with moat 249, Norman castle at Trematon, Cornwall, 250, and Norman castle with keep at Hedingham, Essex, 251

Norman warfare and seacraft: soldiers storming a tower with ladders 253, battle at sea on boats 254, Norman ship with sail, battle galley, ferry with oar and boat 255-258

Norman musical instruments and a siege
Norman instruments: violins 243, 245, a pipe organ 244, harps 246, 249, lyre 247, lute 248, zither 250, hunting horn 251, and siege of a castle by archers and soldiers on a boat 252

St. Guthlac is ordained by Bishop Headda of Lichfield
St. Guthlac of Crowland (673-714) is ordained by Bishop Headda of Lichfield. From the Guthlac Roll. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalarts Historical Picture of the Costumes of

Norman church architecture in Essex
Gatehouse to St. Johns Abbey or Colchester Abbey 209, archway to St. Botolphs Priory 210, and arch St. Margarets church, Tanfield, Essex 211

Frankish architecture and Norman clothing
Frankish open winged building 205, a Norman chainmail shirt 206, Norman monk 207, and Norman short tunic 208. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalarts Historical Picture of

Norman crowns, hats and helmets
Norman crowns 188-197, Norman womans bonnet 198, Norman hats 199-201, helmet with nose protector 202, Norman flat helm 203, and Norman cylindrical helm 204

German kings and a Norman chapel
King Henry I the Fowler, King of East Francia, and Henry II, Saint Henry, Holy Roman Emperor, on thrones with crown, sword and orb, and a Norman chapel

Architecture of the Franks
Inscription on the tomb of King Dagobert I in St. Denis 180, Frankish pillars and arch 181-184, and a Frankish church 185

King Charles the Bald (823-877) on the throne
Charles the Bald (823-877). King of West Francia, Italy, and Holy Roman Emperor. He sits on the throne holding orb and sceptre, with two weapon-carriers holding his sword, shield and lance

Tomb of King Dagobert I (603-639AD) in the Basilica of St. Denis. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalarts Historical Picture of the Costumes of the Principal People of Antiquity

Medieval weaponry
Spears of the Franks, 168, 169, crossbow 170, arrow 171, flails or chain maces 172-174, hatchet 175, and Morgenstern (morning star) or spiked club 176

Scepter and throne of the Frankish kings
Throne 164 and scepter 166 of Dagobert I, King of the Franks, hand of justice 165, and scepter of Charlemagne 167. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Robert von Spalarts Historical Picture of

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