Sedimentary Collection

Lyme Regis
The Lower Jurassic cliffs incorporating Lower Lias and Charmouth Mudstone rocks, Charmouth, Dorset, UK

Calymene blumenbachii brongniart, trilobite
This trilobite originates from the 425 million year old Devonian Wenlock Limestone, Dudley, Worcestershire

Plate 4, fig 2 Puddingstone - from Mineralienbuch
An illustration of a polished section of puddingstone. Puddingstone is a conglomerate sedimentary rock. Plate 4, fig 2 from Mineralienbuch by F. A. Schmidt, Stuttgart 1855

Mica schist is a rock resulting from the metamorphism of shale. Specimen originates from Grantown-on-Spey, Murrayshire

Flint hand axe
Photograph of a human-made hand axe, which was discovered in 1859, and is thought to be about 400, 000 years old

Micraster coranguinum (Leske), shepherds crown echinoid
Shepherds crown echinoid (Micraster coranguinum Leske) preserved in flint. Specimen from the Cretaceous Upper Chalk, England

Flint handaxe incorporating fossil echinoid
Cast of handaxe from Middle Gravels of Swanscombe, Kent. Loaned by Merseyside Museums; NHM E6870

Rhyniognatha hirsti
A pair of jaws (mandibles) preserved in a fragment of Rhynie Chert and mounted on a glass microscope slide. This is the worlds oldest fossil insect part

Stigmaria ficoides, fossil root
This root is preserved in tough Carboniferous sandstone. Stigmaria is the name given to roots of the giant lycopod (prehistoric spore-bearing plant) Lepidodendron

Crystalline limestone, collected in the Himalayas, India by Dr Benza c.1837. NHM specimen number: BM 967

Protopteris punctata, fossil fern tree
A sandstone cast of a cyathacecus tree fern from Shaftesbury Dorset, presented by W. Batten

Sunday stone, a calendar in rock
Formed in a Tyneside coal mine in the 1800s, the white mineral barium sulphate, settled out in a water trough and during working shifts was blackened by coal dust

Macropoma lewesiensis, an extinct coelacanth fish
Restoration of one of the last coelacanth fishes (Macropoma lewesiensis). It lived in the clear water chalk seas of sourthern England 85 mya, and grew to about 60 cm in length

Limonite, also known as ironstone, is comprised of (hydrated iron oxide) and is characterized by its rusty colour and banded appearance

Shale (right) and garnet-mica-schist (left)
Shale is sedimentary and garnet-mica-schist is metamorphoc in origin. Specimen held at the Natural History Museum, London

Mousterian tools
A slide scraper and a pointed tool made from black flint of Mousterian age, 40, 000 - 55, 000 years old (Middle Palaeolithic), from Le Moustier, France

Brachyphyllum princeps, fossil plant
This specimen of Brachyphyllum princeps is from Solenhofen Limestone, Bavaria, Germany

Fossil bearing rocks, Abu Dhabi
6 million years old sandstone, fossil bearing rocks. Emirate of Abu Dhabi

Fossiliferous limestone
Wenlock Limestone from Dudley. Middle Silurian about 420 million years ago

Sopwith Model II: Coal strata near Newcastle
Unlike the models of generic situations this representation of coal strata was specific to a particular surveyed location in England showing several thin, and mostly hidden, coal seams

Sopwith Model V: Dislocations of coal strata
This model shows that while very little coal may appear at ground level, coal seams (subject to faults and dislocations) can be found below the ground

Sopwith Model IV: Fallacious coal indications
This model depicts the scenario where from the surface an abundance of coal appears to exist, but there is actually very little quantity below

Sopwith Model III: Dislocation of strata
This model represents the side of a valley of denudation, with undisturbed horizontal beds of sedimentary rock when fully assembled

Sopwith Model I: Stratified rocks / denudation
Black lines in this model represent coal seams, between lighter shales and sandstones. When separated the lower section shows a gently inclined valley floor

Sopwith Model II: Coal strata nr Newcastle
Unlike the models of generic situations this representation of coal strata was specific to a particular surveyed location in England showing several thin, and mostly hidden, coal seams

Achill Island, Co Galway, Ireland - Minawn Cliffs Date: circa 1903

Diamond in pebble
A solitary diamond in conglomerate, from Golconda, India

Limestone lamp, Magdalenian, from France
Limestone lamp of Magdalenian age, 11, 000 - 18, 000 years old (Upper Palaeolithic) from La Mouthe, France

Eastmanosteus, Gogo fish
The Gogo fish, Eastmanosteus, was one of the first ever fossils extracted using acid

Aurignacian tools
A bone point, probably a spearhead and a flint end-scraper tool of Aurignacian age, 30, 000 - 34, 000 years old from France

Limestone lamp with ibex carved on back
Limestone lamp with ibex carving, of Magdalenian age, 11, 000 - 18, 000 years old (Upper Palaeolithic) from La Mouthe, France

Venus in limestone
Figure of a woman, or Venus, engraved in limestone, Gravettian age 22, 000 - 30, 000 years old (Upper Palaeolithic) from Abri Pataud in France. Created by Cro-Magnon man

Fossilised Mesturus verrucosus
Fossilised fish from upper Jurassic lithographic limestone, Eichstadt, Germany. 150 million years ago

Copal
Stalactite of New Zealand copal locally known as kauri gum. Copal is the mid-stage between resin and amber. Figure 8 from Amber The Natural Time Capsule

Oolitic limestone
An oolitic limstone originating from Rutland, U.K showing the perfectly rounded ooliths of which it is composed. Formed in shallow, agitated marine conditions, and only in warm climates

Cephalaspid, fishes
Block of Old Red Sandstone from the Lower Devonian period about 400 million years ago containing the skeletons of cephalaspid fishes

Hand-axes, blades & harpoon
The two axe-heads on the left are from the Middle Palaeolithic about 40, 000 BC; the three specimens on the right are from the Upper Palaeolithic abot 20, 000 BC (Agfa Film)

Chrysobotris, fossil beetle
An early Cretaceous fossil beetle from the Lithographic Limestone, Lerida, Spain

Agate
This polished agate specimen from Saxony is called Breccia Sanguigna. This brecciated agate comprises mainly of irregular sized fragments of cryptocrystalline quartz, set in a finer matrix

Junction of granite and limestone
Fig 88 from Principles of Geology, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the Earths surface. Vol. 3 1832-33 by Charles Lyell (1797-1875)

Breccia Coralina Rosa, marble
Polished specimen of the metamorphic rock marble from a ruin of ancient Rome

Flint artifact (Goughs Cave)
Creswellian flint artifacts excavated from Goughs Cave, Cheddar, Somerset dated at around 14, 000 to 12, 000 years old, late upper palaeolithic (Creswellian)

Concretions with ammonites (saligrams)

Coal mine at Sandy Point, Strait of Magellan
A photograph taken during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger (1872-1876) funded by the British Government for scientific purposes

Metaldetes
A small block of limestone, 5 cm across, from the Cambrian of South Australia, containing sectioned specimens of the archaeocyathan sponge Metaldetes

Marble, Breccia Coallina Rosa
Specimen number BM 82645, from the Ruins of Ancient Rome

Marble, Breccia Sanguigna
Specimen number BM 50289, from Saxony

Didymograptus, fossil graptolite
The two tuning-fork graptolite on this piece of Welsh Ordovician shale belong to the genus Didymograptus and have branches some some 5 cm in length with sawtooth-like thecae

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