Reforms Collection

Ataturk Reforms Language
Turkey : dictator Kemal Ataturk introduces westernisation of the Turkish language

Ataturk Starts Reforms
Kemel Ataturk introduces language reform

Florence Nightingale - Pioneer of Nursing Techniques
Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) - celebrated English social reformer and statistician, and the founder of modern nursing

Florence Nightingales carriage at the seat of war
Born in Italy in 1820, she moved to England with her wealthy family and was educated at home by her father. Although it was not deemed suitable for ladies of Florences social standing to become

Jose del Campillo y Cossio (1693-1743). Spanish statesman. Illustration by Llanta. Lithography. Cronica General de Espana. Historia Ilustrada y Descriptiva de sus Provincias. Asturias and Leon, 1867

Lea Hurst, home of Florence Nightingale
Born in Italy in 1820, she moved to England with her wealthy family and was educated at home by her father. Although it was not deemed suitable for ladies of Florence's social standing to become

Florence Nightingale's carriage
The nursing carriage that accompanied Miss Florence Nightingale through the Crimean War. Born in Italy in 1820, she moved to England with her wealthy family and was educated at home by her father

Matchmakers Demo - 1871
THE MATCHMAKERS PROCESSION This demonstration in London against working conditions led to reforms, but also to charges of police brutality Date: May 1871

ROOSEVELT ENCOURAGED
Roosevelt is encouraged to further reforms by Uncle Sam Date: 1906

CITIZENS IN TUILERIES
An crowd of 6000 angry citizens force their way into the Tuileries Palace, confront the king and demand that he withdraw his veto on the proposed reforms Date: 20 June 1792

Muhammad Ali Pasha
MUHAMMAD ALI (or Mehmet and other spellings) Albanian-born viceroy of Egypt, who carried out useful reforms but was ruthless and greedy. Date: 1769 - 1848

MATCHMAKERS DEMO / 1871
THE MATCHMAKERS PROCESSION This demonstration in London against working conditions led to reforms, but also to charges of police brutality

Solon / Fulvio Orsini
SOLON Athenian statesman, elected Archon circa 594 BC - he initiated economic and constitutional reforms

Jean-Etienne Esquirol, French psychiatrist
Jean-Etienne Dominique Esquirol, French psychiatrist, known for his reforms in the treatment of mental patients. He worked at the Salptrire Hospital in Paris

Philippe Pinel, French physician, known for his reforms in the treatment of mental patients. He contributed to the classification of mental disorders

Lord Edward Herbert Gascoyne-Cecil - Distinguished and highly decorated soldier. As colonial administrator in Egypt and advisor to the Liberal government he helped to implement Army reforms (18671918)

Achille Fould - 2
ACHILLE MARCUS FOULD French statesman, known for his financial reforms. Date: 1800 - 1867

William Cowper-Temple 3
WILLIAM FRANCIS COWPER, later COWPER-TEMPLE, later Baron MOUNT-TEMPLE : statesman, who carried out many useful reforms and improvements. Date: 1811 - 1888

William Cowper-Temple 2
WILLIAM FRANCIS COWPER, later COWPER-TEMPLE, later Baron MOUNT-TEMPLE : statesman, who carried out many useful reforms and improvements. Date: 1811 - 1888

Charles Comte Belle-Isle
CHARLES LOUIS AUGUSTE FOUQUET, comte de BELLE-ISLE, duc de GISORS : French soldier involved in all the major wars of his day, as minister of war responsible for reforms. Date: 1684 - 1761

Athur Herbert Acland
Sir ARTHUR HERBERT DYKE ACLAND, 13th baronet Politician notable for his educational reforms. Date: 1847 - 1926

John Hamilton (Naval)
JOHN HAMILTON naval commander, known for his courage and humour : instigated reforms in seamens conditions, drowned in shipwreck Date: ? - 1755

Achille Fould
Achille-Marcus FOULD French statesman, known for financial reforms and for activities involving the Opera, the Louvre etc. Date: 1800 - 1867

Joshua Brookes
JOSHUA BROOKES anatomist, Fellow of the Royal Society, proposed reforms to combat cholera epidemics Date: 1761 - 1833

Muhammad Ali, Viceroy
MUHAMMAD ALI (sometimes known as Mehmet, etc) Albanian-born Viceroy of Egypt who carried out useful reforms but was greedy and ruthless. Date: 1769 - 1848

L Gouvion-Saint-Cyr
LAURENT GOUVION-SAINT-CYR French marshal, notably in Russian campaign : later Minister of War where he procured important reforms in recruitment Date: 1764 - 1830

GALVEZ Y GALLARDO, Jos頤e (1720-1787). Spanish
GALVEZ Y GALLARDO, Jos頤 e (1720-1787). Spanish lawyer, a colonial official in New Spain (1764-1772) and ultimately Minister of the Indies (1775-1787)

James Neild - 2
JAMES NEILD Justice of the Peace, prison visitor responsible for prison reforms notably of persons imprisoned for small debts. Date: 1744 - 1814

Coment on Tariff Reform in regard to bread
The Tarriff Reform League (TRL) wanted to see the British Empire transformed into a single trading bloc, to compete with Germany and the United States

Domestic Servants Insurance Act - Comic Postcard
Domestic Servants Insurance Act " I don t care how often I get hurt now, I am insured." A bandgaged housemaid shows her delight at the terms of the Domestic Servants Insurance Act

The Servants Insurance Act - Are we downhearted? No! Three housemaids show delight at the terms of the Domestic Servants Insurance Act

King Alfred defines the county boundaries
King Alfred the Great devises administrative reforms, redefining the division of England into Counties, Hundreds and Tithings Date: Circa 885

King Alfreds administrative reforms
King Alfred the Great introduces administrative reforms, redefining county boundaries and introducing a law code Date: Circa 885

Group photo, Dr Berrys Serbian Mission
A group photograph of Austrian prisoners and their nurses at Dr James Berrys Serbian Mission, a Red Cross Unit in Serbia during the First World War

Joseph Chamberlain - Balancing Act
Fiscalitis Joseph Chamberlain (1836-1914) performs a balancing act, standing precariously on a glass globe entitled Class whilst juggling a loaf of bread

KUANG HSU (1871 -1908)
KUANG HSU Named emperor in 1875, he ruled with his regent and aunt Tzu Hsi. She later imprisoned him for trying to issue modernizing reforms. Date: 1871 - 1908

James Neild - 1
JAMES NEILD Justice of the Peace, prison visitor responsible for prison reforms notably of persons imprisoned for small debts. Date: 1744 - 1814

Reforms at Athens
A day of bloodless revolution in Athens led by Kalergis leads to political reforms : Otto sacks his Bavarian ministers and grants a new constitution

Mob in the Assemblee
The Paris mob invades the Assemblee Nationale, demanding reforms. One of the banners says Vive Pologne ! expressing sympathy with revolutionaries in Poland

Diet of Wislica
At the Diet of Wislica, Kazimierz (Casimir) III Wielki (the Great) introduces legal reforms

Florence Nightingale visiting the Hut Hospitals, at Balaclav
Born in Italy in 1820, she moved to England with her wealthy family and was educated at home by her father. Although it was not deemed suitable for ladies of Florences social standing to become

Pius IX Reforms
In his proclamation motu proprio the new pope Pius IX announces reforms in Rome and other concessions to liberalism

Pius IX Acclaimed
Pius IX is acclaimed as a liberal when first appointed; but despite initial reforms, he will find himself in exile by the end of the year

Howard Visits Prison
JOHN HOWARD sheriff of Bedfordshire, visits county jails and is appalled at conditions, leading him to propose reforms in the treatment of prisoners

Alexander II Crowned
The coronation of tsar ALEXANDER II who will reign for 25 years before being assassinated. He will abolish serfdom as well as other reforms

Tsar Warned - 2
The ghost of assassinated tsar Alexander II appears to Alexander III and warns him to carry out reforms before it is too late. He doesn t - and things go from bad to worse

Suspect Peasant
Though serfdom is abolished, many peasants seek further reforms : police visit the home of a suspected dissident who cringes before them

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