Prehistoric Collection (page 29)

Polacanthus skin nodule
These nodules were mixed in with the overlapping plates on Polacanthus skin similar to those in modern reptiles. Polacanthus lived 132 to 100 million years ago during the lower Cretaceous period

Palaeocoma egertoni, fossil brittle star
A fossil brittle (serpent) star found in the Jurassic and Lias of England. Maximum diameter 8cm. This specimen is a well-known Echinoderm genus and similar to todays living brittle stars

Neanderthal artifacts
Stone tools believed to once have belonged to Neanderthal Man (Homo neanderthalensis) who lived in Gorhams Cave, Gibraltar

Eryops megacephalus
Skeleton of Early amphibian (Eryops megacephalus), 295-285 million year old specimen from the Early Permian, Texas, U.S.A

Gibraltar excavation
Excavation of Neanderthal fireplace at Vanguard Cave, Gibraltar. (Middle Palaeolithic)

Homo neanderthalensis (Swanscombe 1) Cranium
Three cranial bones discovered at the Barnfield Gravel Pit, Swanscombe, Kent between 1935 and 1955. Both the date and species of these homind remains have been the subject over the last decade or so

Gorhams Cave, Gibraltar
A view of Gorhams Cave from the sea. Neanderthal artifacts have been found, dating from the Middle Palaeolithic inside this cave system

Dinosaur egg
Found at the Kallankurichi Limestone Mine, India. Was V26861

Lower Chalk

Stylemys nebrascensis, tortoise carapace
Depicted here is the carapace or shell of the Oligocene tortoise (Stylemys nebrascensis). Specimen originates from Western U.S.A

Heliobatis radians, fossil stingray
Specimen of the fossil stingray (Heliobatis radians) originating from the Eocene rocks of Wyoming, U.S.A. This specimen is around forty-five million years old

Benthosuchus sushkini
A fossil skull once belonging to an amphibian which lived during the Triassic period, 230 million years ago. This fossil originates from the Triassic rocks of the Scharzhenga river, Vachnevo Russia

Eryops model
A model of Eryops, an extinct amphibian that was over a metre long. It lived during the Early Permian period around 295 to 285 million years ago. It was a large land animal for its time

Dinosaur bones in the rock
From a Palaeontology field trip in Tangjia He valley, China

Dinosaur vertebrae
From a Palaeontology field trip in Niger, West Africa

380 million year old rocks
Block specimens of 380 million year old fossil bearing rocks being transported, Latvia

Actinopora disticha, bryozoan
Scanning electron micrograph of a fossil cyclostome bryozoan from the Cretaceous Chalk, Santonian, Kent

Mylodon darwinii, ground sloth toenails
13, 000 year old specimens of ground sloth toenails dating from the Pleistocene, Chile

Meliceritites semiclausa, bryozoan
Branching colony of a fossil cyclostome bryozoan. Specimen originates from the Lower Cretaceous Faringdon Sponge Gravel, Faringdon, Oxfordshire

Coal

Early flowering plant model
Model of an early flowering plant from the Cretaceous (144 to 65 mya)

Bradysaurus baini
A mounted fossil skeleton of Bradysaurus baini, a 258 million year old specimen from the Late Permian, Cape Province, South Africa

Belemnitella mucronata, belemnite
71-65 million year old squid-like belemnite specimen from the Late Cretaceous, Mstricht, Holland

Chirodipterus australis, early lobe-finned fish
A 374 million year old specimen of the early lobe-finned fish (Cheiopterus australis). Originating from the Late Devonian, Gogo, Western Australia

Sivapithecus & human mandible
A human mandible (on the left) compared with a Sivapithecus mandible. Sivapithecus, an extinct ape from the Miocene, is believed to have lived 9 million years ago

Sivapithecus sivalensis
Fragments of cranium and mandible of an extinct ape-like primate Sivapithecus sivalensis which lived about 8 million years ago. The specimen was discovered in Potwar, Pakistan

Asterophyllites grandis, giant horsetail leaves
Giant leaves of the horsetail fern (Asterophyllites grandis). 320-290 million year old specimen from the Late Carboniferous, Dudley, West Midlands, U.K

Cryptoclidus eurymerus
A fossil reconstruction of Cryptoclidus eurymerus, a Plesiosaur that lived 165-160 million year ago during the Middle Jurassic. This specimen was discovered in Peterborough, UK

Wilbertopora woodwardi (Brydone), bryozoan
Scanning electron micrograph of a fossil cheilostome bryozoan. Specimen originates from the Upper Cretaceous Chalk, West Mean Station, Hampshire, U.K

Anomalocaris canadensis
Reconstruction of a 520 million year old predatory marine species from the Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale in British Columbia, Canada

Shunosaurus was a large herbivorous quadruped. Complete skeletons show that it was armed with a tail club formed by enlarged vertebrae with 2 pairs of spikes

Eusthenopteron foordi, early lobe-finned fish
A 374 million year old specimen of a lobe-finned fish from the Late Devonian, Canada

Stromatolite
Section through a fossil stromatolite (fossilised remains of a colony of cyanobacteria cushions). Originating from the Precambrian rocks of Eastern Siberia 2, 500 - 2, 000 million years old

Calamites sp. giant horsetail trunk
320-290 million year old specimen of a giant horsetail fern trunk from the Late Carboniferous period, U.K

Fossil amphibian footprints
Fossil footprints discovered in Yorkshire dating back to the Early Carboniferous period, around 342 to 340 million year ago

Fossil leaf of an early flowering plant
89-65 million year old specimen of an unidentified flowering plant species from the Late Cretaceous, Sachsen, Germany

Platyphysa prinsepi, freshwater snails
65 million year old freshwater snail specimens that were engulfed by lava flows. Originating from the Late Cretaceous, Nagpur, India

Flint hand-axe
Late Palaeolithic from Farnham, Surrey, England

Flint nodule
This flint nodule originates from the Cretaceous rocks of the North Downs, England

Cylindroteuthis oweni Pratt, thunderbolt

Gryphaea dilatata, devils toenail
This giant hooked oyster also known as a devils toenail originates from Sowerby, Upper Jurassic, Scarborough, Yorkshire, England

Ginkgo huttonii, fossilised ginkgo leaves

Beetle in amber

Weevil in amber
A weevil beetle preserved in Dominican amber. This specimen originates from the Lower Miocene period

Zygolophodon atticus, mastodon
Front view of a skull of an extinct elephant from the Miocene of Pikermi, Greece. This fossil gave rise to the myth of the one-eyed giant, Cyclops

Megazostrodon skull
Specimen from the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic of Lesotho, Africa. Megazostrodon was thought to be a small, mouse-sized, nocturnal mammal and fed on insects

Dalmanites myops, trilobite
A Silurian fossil trilobite from the Wenlock Limestone, Dudley, Worcestershire. This specimen measures 40mm head to tail

Palaeoniscus freislebeni, fossil fish
Palaeoniscus freislebeni a fossil fish from the Permian rocks near Midderidge, Durham

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