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Antigorite and boweniteGroup of two specimens of antigorite (above) and two specimens of antigorite var. bowenite below. Both these specimens comprise of (magnesium iron silicate hydroxide)
CopalStalactite of New Zealand copal locally known as kauri gum. Copal is the mid-stage between resin and amber. Figure 8 from Amber The Natural Time Capsule
Chalcopyrite or copper pyrite comprises of (copper iron sulphide). It is a common mineral and is found in almost all sulphide deposits. Specimen from Wheal Towan, Cornwall
The Esquel pallasite
The Latrobe gold nuggetA 717gm mass of crystallised cubes of gold about 11cms in length. Specimen was found at Mt. Ivor, Victoria, Australia in the presence of the then govenor of the colony, C. J. Latrobe
Plate 10, fig 2 from MineralienbuchAn illustration of an andalusite mineral deposit showing columnar crystals. Plate 10, fig 2 from Mineralienbuch by F. A. Schmidt, Stuttgart 1855
Magnetite (iron oxide) specimen from Piedmont, Italy. From the collections of the Natural History Museum, London
Turquoise variety HenwooditeA specimen of the turquoise variety called Henwoodite, named after William Jory Henwood (1805-1875) from West Phoenix Mine, Linkinhorne, Cornwall
Precambrian LandscapeArtists impression of a Precambrian (4, 500 to 543 million years ago) landscape, when oxygen built up in the atmosphere (about 1)
Ruby and SapphireSpecimens of the mineral corundum (Aluminum Oxide), a ruby and saphire. These gemstones are varieties of the corundum mineral. A collection of crystals including the Edwardes ruby
Birthstone Series: Lazurite
Gold digging site in Halifax 1873A photograph taken during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger (1872-1876), funded by the British Government for scientific purposes
Gold Mine, Nova Scotia, Halifax 1873A photograph taken during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger (1872-1876), funded by the British Government for scientific purposes
Gold washing at gold mine, Sandy Point, Strait of MagellanA photograph taken during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger (1872-1876) funded by the British Government for scientific purposes
Precious opal in ironside noduleOpals are not truely crystalline and are therefore mineraloids. They comprise of (hydrated silica glass). Specimen found in Queensland, Australia. On display at the Natural History Museum, London
Sapphire turban buttonA rose-cut facetted deep-blue sapphire mounted in a button of quartz, inlaid with gold, rubies & emeralds. No 198 in the collection of Sir Hans Sloane
Silver on CopperA deposit of elemental, native silver (Ag) on native copper (Cu). Specimen from the Natural History Museum, London originally from Houghton Co. Michigan, U.S.A
Uvarovite garnets comprise of (calcium chromium silicate). They are characterized by their green colour and rounded crystals of either 12 or 24 faces
Pyrite, Fools GoldRegular, cube-shaped crystals look as if they ve been polished but are formed like this within rock cavities. Pyrite comprises of (iron sulphide)
ColumbiteSpecimen used by Charles Hatchett when he discovered niobium (then called columbium) and now called columbite in 1801. Mineral collection, the Natural History Museum
Platinum modelA reconstruction of a platinum nugget. Platinum (Pt) is an element and very precious metal. The most common source of platinum is from alluvial deposits
Gobbinsite comprises of (hydrated sodium potassium calcium aluminum silicate) and derives from the zeolite group. Specimen found nr. Black Cave, Island Magee, Co. Antrim
Orthoclase (potassium aluminum silicate) is a major granite forming mineral. Specimen from Brevik, Norway
RhodoniteA pink specimen of rhodonite (manganese iron magnesium calcium silicate). Rhodon is greek for rose. Specimen from the Natural History Museum, London
Spessartine comprises of (manganese aluminum silicate) and is found in metamorphic environments
The Canyon Diablo meteoriteThe cut, polished and etched surface of the Canyon Diablo meteorite reveals its high iron content
Gold in unspecified mineralScanning electron microscope image of an elemental map showing the distribution of gold (Au) in mineral samples
Marcasite comprises of (iron sulphide). It is similar in appearance to pyrite, but has a different structural composition
WavelliteAggregates of honey-coloured wavellite forming radiating needles on slate. Wavellite comprises of (hydrated aluminum phosphate hydroxide). Specimen from Filleigh, Devon
Regalecus glesne, oarfishSpecimen of an oarfish (Realecus glesne). This species of fish is possibly the longest in the world. Photographed by Harry Taylor
GoyaziteScanning electron microscope image of the energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum of the mineral goyazite, obtained using Link AN10000 analysis system
Topaz comprises of (aluminum silicate fluoride hydroxide). This is a specimen from the collections of the Natural History Museum, London
Scorodite comprises of (hydrated zinc arsenate) and is characterized by brownish-green crystals. Specimen from the collections of the Natural History Museum, London
Russian topazTopaz comprises of (aluminum silicate fluoride hydroxide) and is the birthstone of November. Brown topaz specimens from the collections of the Natural History Museum, London
Lazurite comprises of (sodium calcium aluminum silicate sulphur sulphate). Due to its unique rich colour, it is a semi-precious stone and is often used in jewellery making
CerussiteAggregates of white crystals on globular crystalline baryte. Cerussite comprises of (lead carbonate). Specimen from Frank Mills mine, Christow, Devon
Banded iron specimenThis banded iron specimen measures 7 cm thick and is about 3, 000 million years old, from the Murchison Goldfield, Western Australia
LibetheniteWedge-shaped, dark green crystals of libethenite (copper phosphate hydroxide) with pale brown duftite. Specimen from the Phoenix mine, Lnkinhorne, Cornwall
VarisciteA rare, bluish green, mineral, found in aluminum-rich rocks. Variscite comprises of (hydrated aluminum phosphate)
Scotlandite comprises of (lead sulphite) and derives from the sulphates group. Specimen from the Natural History Museum, London originally from Leadhills, Lanarkshire, Scotland
CassiteriteA dark-brown single crystal of cassiterite among quartz. Cassiterite comprises of (tin oxide) and forms ornately faceted crystals with high lustre. Specimen from Turnavore mine, St. Agnes, Cornwall
Cassiterite pseudomorphous after orthoclaseBrown granular cassiterite (tin oxide) have replaced twinned orthoclase crystals. Wheal Coates, St. Agnes, Cornwall
The South Africa Gold Fields Exploration Co. HouseLocated at Hartley Hill Simbo Rivulet Um Vuli River, September1870. Sketch 46 from a collection of original sketches by Thomas Baines, (1859-1871)
Pyrope garnetA cut stone and collection of crystals of pink pyrope garnet (magnesium aluminum silicate). Specimens from the Natural History Museum, London
MetatorberniteA specimen of the mineral metatorbernite which contains uranium, copper and phosphorus. It is also radioactive
Schultenite comprises of (lead arsenate hydroxide) and derives from the phosphates group. Specimen from the Natural History Museum, London
Copper in unspecified mineralScanning electron microscope image of an elemental map showing the distribution of copper (Cu) in mineral samples
Platinum (Pt) is an elemental and a very precious metal. The most common source of platinum is from alluvial deposits. Specimen from nirjni, Tagilsk, Urals, Russia