Jawbone Collection (page 2)

Proconsul, Homo heildebergensis & Homo neanderthalensis cran
L to R: Cranium of Proconsul, an extinct primate that lived 18 million years ago; Homo heildebergensis (Broken Hill 1) discovered in Zambia; and Homo neanderthalensis (Gibraltar 1)

Pongo sp. Mandible and molar (Piltdown 1 & 2)
Lateral lingual view of Piltdown 1 mandible with Piltdown 2 left molar. Held at The Natural History Museum, London

Pongo sp. Mandible with canine (Piltdown 1)
Left lateral view of the Piltdown mandible reported to be that of a newly found homind species in 1913 but then revealed as a forgery in 1953. Specimen held at The Natural History Museum, London

Detail of bird beaks
Plate 281, hand coloured copperplate etching from George Edwards The Gleanings of Natural History, Vol. 2 (1760). Annotated Four curious beaks of birds but little known

Ramphastos vittelinus culminatus, channel-billed toucan
Plate 238, hand coloured copperplate etching from George Edwards The Gleanings of Natural History, Vol. 1 (1758)

Preliminary flourine test of the Piltdown remains in 1949
Dr Kenneth Oakley discussing with Mr L. E. Parsons (right) where the mandible of Piltdown man could be sampled with the least risk of damage

Homo sapiens (Goughs Cave 49) mandible
Adolescent modern human mandible found during excavations in Goughs Cave, Cheddar, Somerset, dates back to around 14, 000 - 12, 000 year ago, (Creswellian)

Cranium and mandible (Piltdown 1 & 2)
Piltdown man cranium and mandible as reconstructed on the left by Dr. A Smith Woodward and on the right by Professor Arthur Keith

Lateral view of mandible

Homo heidelbergensis mandible (Mauer 1)

Homo erectus mandible (SK 15)
A cast of a mandible with six teeth belonging to Homo erectus. The original, known as SK 15 Member 2 was found at Swartkrans, South Africa

Homo sapiens, human mandible
A specimen of a modern human mandible, or jaw bone with a complete set of teeth. Specimen held at the Natural History Museum, London

Australopithecus africanus mandible (MLD 2)
Mandible and teeth of an adolescent male (of about 12 years) Australopithecus africanus discovered at Makapansgat by A.R. Hughes and S. Kitching in July 1948

Paranthropus robustus jaw bone
Lower jaws of Australopithecus robustus. A robustus lived between 1.8 and 1.5 million years ago in South Africa

Sivapithecus & human mandible
A human mandible (on the left) compared with a Sivapithecus mandible. Sivapithecus, an extinct ape from the Miocene, is believed to have lived 9 million years ago

Sivapithecus sivalensis
Fragments of cranium and mandible of an extinct ape-like primate Sivapithecus sivalensis which lived about 8 million years ago. The specimen was discovered in Potwar, Pakistan

Hominid Fossil Collection
A sellection of items from the anthropologigical collections at the Natural History Museum, London

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