Jaw Bone Collection

Paranthropus boisei (Zinjanthropus) cranium (OH5)
Cast of the cranium of a young male of Paranthropus boisei discovered by Mary Leakey in 1959 at Olduvai Gorge. The specimen which is the Holotype of Zinjanthropus boisei (Leakey 1959)

Rhyniognatha hirsti
A pair of jaws (mandibles) preserved in a fragment of Rhynie Chert and mounted on a glass microscope slide. This is the worlds oldest fossil insect part

Homo neanderthalensis (Ferrassie 1) cranium cast
Cranium cast of an adult male Neandertal Man (Homo neanderthalensis) discovered at La Ferrassie, Dordogne, France, by D Peyrony and L. Captian in 1909. The original specimen dates back 70, 000 years

Homo sapiens cranium (Predmosti 3) cast

Gigantopithecus model jaw
Model of Gigantopithecus jaw with Gorilla jaw for scale

Chimarrogale varennei, mandible

Dwarf elephant tooth
Tooth and jawbone of the dwarf elephant Palaeoloxodon cypriotes, between 10, 000 and 800, 000 years old. This fossil tooth

Caenolestes
Teeth and mandibles of marsupials of the genus Caenolestes that presented detal anomalies. Photographs by Gabriel Martin

Homo heidelbergensis mandible casts (Mauer 1 and Swartkrans)
The larger mandible is a cast from Homo heidelbergensis and was discovered by workmen at Mauer sand-pit, Germany in 1907. The smaller is of a mandible discovered in Swartkrans, South Africa

Homo habilis cranium & mandible fragment casts
Casts of fragments mandible and cranium fragments of a Homo habilis discovered at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania dating back to between 1.85 million years ago to 1.6 million years ago

Rhinoceros sondaicus, javan rhinoceros skull from sunderabund, Bengal

Lower jaw casts of Paranthropus robustus (Swartkrans 23) and
From Swartkrans, South Africa (left) and Peninj, Tanzania (right)

Malacorhynchus membranaceus, pink-eared duck
Watercolour 92 by Thomas Wattling from the Watling Collection titled the Mandibles of a very curious creature

Homo sapiens (Goughs Cave 6) mandible
Adult mandible excavated from Goughs Cave, Cheddar, Somerset dates back to around 14, 000 to12, 000 years ago (Creswellian)

Homo sapiens cranium (Qafzeh 11)
Lateral view of a cast of the Qafzeh child (Early Modern Homo sapiens) discovered at Djebel kafzeh, Israel by B. Vandermeersch, 1965-1969, dating back to around 100, 000 years

Brontotherium skull
Skull measuring 730 mm left to right, without the lower jaw, of Brontotherium, a gigantic Oligocene browsing ungulate from Nabraska, North America

Tupaia glis, common tree shrew
Teeth in the upper mandible of a male comon tree shrew, showing the fundamental mammalian triangle of sharp, pointed cusps. Scale is in millimetres

Casts of Australopithecus boisei jaw bones
Casts of Upper jaw (left) of Australopithecus (Paranthropus) boisei from the Olduvai Gorge; lower jaw (right) of Australopithecus (Paranthropus) boisei from Peninj

Homo sapiens mandible
Mandible of an adult male early modern Homo sapiens from Predmosti, Czech Republic lived about 27, 000 years ago. Gravettian culture, Upper Palaeolithic

Australopithecus africanus cranium & mandible (Sts 5)
Cast reconstruction of cranium & mandible belonging to Australopithecus africanus discovered at Sterkfontein by Dr Robert Broom and J.T. Robinson in April 1947

Sarcophilus laniarius, Tasmanian devil
Jaw of a Tasmanian devil from the collections at the Natural History Museum

Plesiadapis fodinatus, primate
Left section of a mandible of the primate, Plesiadapis fondinatus. Specimen dates from the Late Paleocene, silver coulee Quarry, Park County, Wyoming, USA

Proconsul, Homo heildebergensis & Homo neanderthalensis cran
L to R: Cranium of Proconsul, an extinct primate that lived 18 million years ago; Homo heildebergensis (Broken Hill 1) discovered in Zambia; and Homo neanderthalensis (Gibraltar 1)

Pongo sp. Mandible and molar (Piltdown 1 & 2)
Lateral lingual view of Piltdown 1 mandible with Piltdown 2 left molar. Held at The Natural History Museum, London

Pongo sp. Mandible with canine (Piltdown 1)
Left lateral view of the Piltdown mandible reported to be that of a newly found homind species in 1913 but then revealed as a forgery in 1953. Specimen held at The Natural History Museum, London

Detail of bird beaks
Plate 281, hand coloured copperplate etching from George Edwards The Gleanings of Natural History, Vol. 2 (1760). Annotated Four curious beaks of birds but little known

Rynchops niger, black skimmer
Plate 90, hand coloured etching from The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama islands (1731-43) Vol. 1 by Mark Catesby

Ramphastos vittelinus culminatus, channel-billed toucan
Plate 238, hand coloured copperplate etching from George Edwards The Gleanings of Natural History, Vol. 1 (1758)

Preliminary flourine test of the Piltdown remains in 1949
Dr Kenneth Oakley discussing with Mr L. E. Parsons (right) where the mandible of Piltdown man could be sampled with the least risk of damage

Homo sapiens (Goughs Cave 49) mandible
Adolescent modern human mandible found during excavations in Goughs Cave, Cheddar, Somerset, dates back to around 14, 000 - 12, 000 year ago, (Creswellian)

Cranium and mandible (Piltdown 1 & 2)
Piltdown man cranium and mandible as reconstructed on the left by Dr. A Smith Woodward and on the right by Professor Arthur Keith

Lateral view of mandible

Homo heidelbergensis mandible (Mauer 1)

Homo erectus mandible (SK 15)
A cast of a mandible with six teeth belonging to Homo erectus. The original, known as SK 15 Member 2 was found at Swartkrans, South Africa

Homo sapiens, human mandible
A specimen of a modern human mandible, or jaw bone with a complete set of teeth. Specimen held at the Natural History Museum, London

Australopithecus africanus mandible (MLD 2)
Mandible and teeth of an adolescent male (of about 12 years) Australopithecus africanus discovered at Makapansgat by A.R. Hughes and S. Kitching in July 1948

Paranthropus robustus jaw bone
Lower jaws of Australopithecus robustus. A robustus lived between 1.8 and 1.5 million years ago in South Africa

Sivapithecus & human mandible
A human mandible (on the left) compared with a Sivapithecus mandible. Sivapithecus, an extinct ape from the Miocene, is believed to have lived 9 million years ago

Sivapithecus sivalensis
Fragments of cranium and mandible of an extinct ape-like primate Sivapithecus sivalensis which lived about 8 million years ago. The specimen was discovered in Potwar, Pakistan

Hominid Fossil Collection
A sellection of items from the anthropologigical collections at the Natural History Museum, London

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