Homo Sapiens Collection

Sensory homunculus
This model shows what a mans body would look like if each part grew in proportion to the area of the cortex of the brain concerned with its sensory perception

Motor homunculus
This model shows what a mans body would look like if each part grew in proportion to the area of the cortex of the brain concerned with its movement

Homo erectus (Sangiran 17), H. sapiens (?) H. neanderthalens
L to R, cast of Homo erectus, (Sangiran 17), Sangiran, Java, 700, 000 years old; cast of recent Homo sapiens skull from South East Asia; cast of Neanderthal skull from La Ferrassie, France, 50

Liver
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a section through a liver (x 7000), an organ that has over 500 functions in the human body (x 800)

Cro-magnon and Neanderthal skull comparison
Side view comparison of casts of Cro-Magnon skull from Brno, Czech Republic, Upper Palaeolithic (right), and Neanderthal skull from La Chapelle, France, Middle Palaeolithic (left)

Human cell
Illustration of a highly magnified section through a human cell. Page 8 from Human Biology, 1977

Skeleton of Negrillo or pigmy
A skeleton of a female pygmy from the Akka Tribe, Monnattu, central Africa. Specimen presented by Dr Emin Pasha, 1887. Photograph by J Benjamin Stone in 1907

Engraving of a human skull
Collected from the Admiralty Islands in the south-western Pacific, on The Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger (1872-1876) was funded by the British Government for the purpose of scientific discovery

Hominid reconstructions in chronological order
From left to right: Australopithecus, Early Homo erectus (Java Man), Late Homo erectus (Peking Man), Homo heidelbergensis (Rhodesian Man), Neanderthal man and Homo sapiens (Cro-Magnon)

Triatoma infestans, kissing bug
This insect is a member of the Triatomine group, which are associated with the transmission of disease to humans

Human red blood corpuscles
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) of red blood cells showing their characteristic biconcave shape which increases the surface area for diffusion

A naturalist being mobbed by Pteroglossus beauharnaesii, cur
Illustration from Henry Walter Bates The Naturalist on the Amazons (1884)

Modern human skull
Skull of an adult, female modern human

Orders of Mammals

Schistosoma spp. blood fluke
The blood fluke (Schistosoma spp.) is the cause of the disease bilharzia or schistosomiasis in humans

Taenia solium, pork tapeworm
The pork tapeworm parasite can reach lengths of up to 8 metres. It is found in humans and animals which have consumed meat infected with the larvae

Homo sapiens cranium (Irhoud 1)
Lateral and frontal view of a cast of an adult male Homo sapiens skull discovered at Jebel Irhoud (formerly Ighoud), Morocco, by Mohammed Ben Fatmi, Summer 1961

Capillaria philippinensis, parasitic worm
This worm species (Capillaria philippinensis) is a parasite of the human small intestine

A Medieval nightmare
This hand coloured woodcut showing a human headed bird grappling a man is from Jacobus Meydenbacks Hortus Sanitatis

Homo sapiens cranium (Cro-Magnon 1)
Lateral and frontal view of a cast of a skull belonging to Homo sapiens Le Viellard, adult male about 45 years of age. Discovered near the station, Les Eyzies de Tayac, France by workmen, March 1868

Cochliomyia hominivorax, new world screwworm puparium
The pupa case or puparium of a new world screwworm originating from a human, contracted in Trinidad

Dermatobia hominis, human botfly
Second stage of the human botfly (Dermatobia hominis) in leg - contracted in Bolivia. Photographed by Martin Hall

Reindeer antler from Neschers
This reindeer antler from Neschers in France is engraved with a stylised horse. It was created by early humans and found between 1830 and 1848. Date: 1830

Homo sapiens tibia
Two human bones from different sides of the Atlantic ocean used to show how syphillis was spread since its appearance in Naples in 1495

Homo sapiens cranium (Predmosti 3) cast

Ascaris lumbricoides, human roundworm
The human roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides) is the largest nematode to parasitize humans, growing up to 16 inches long

Gracula religiosa indica, Acridotheres cristellus, Paroaria
Large Series plate 12, a watercolour from the John Reeves Collection of Zoological Drawings from Canton, China

Homo heidelbergensis, Boxgrove Man tibia
The tibia or shin bone of Boxgrove Man (Homo heidelbergensis) discovered in a quarry at Boxgrove, West Sussex, UK

Homo sapiens, Cro-Magnon man
A model head of Homo sapiens, Cro-Magnon man. Cro-Magnon man, an anatomically modern human lived around 30, 000 years ago in the Dordogne region of France. This model was created by Maurice Wilson

Homo neanderthalensis
A model head of Neanderthal man (Homo neanderthalensis) created by Maurice Wilson. Neanderthal man is believed to have lived between around 130, 000 and 35, 000 years ago

Homo sapiens (Singa 1) cranium
A heavily mineralized cranium once belonging to that of Homo sapiens who lived about 130, 000 years ago. This specimen was discovered in Singa, Sudan by W.R.G. Bond in 1924

Homo sapiens, Cro-Magnon man head
A reconstruction of the head of Cro-Magnon man by Maurice Wilson, c. 1950. Cro-Magnon man is possibly Western Europes most famous anatomically modern human

Homo heidelbergensis, Boxgrove Man
An artists impression of Boxgrove Man (Homo heidelbergensis) based on fossil evidence discovered at a quarry in Boxgrove, Chichester, W. Sussex

Homo sapiens cranium (Predmosti 3)
Frontal view of cranium and mandible (casts) of a Homo sapiens male aged 35-40 discovered at Predmosti, North East Moravia, Czech Republic. By K.J. Maska, June 1894. This specimen dates back 30, 000

Paranthropus sp. (left) and Homo erectus (right)
Illustration by Maurice Wilson. 2 to 1.5 million years ago parts of Africa were populated by these two hominids. Paranthropus foraged peacefully but here is threatened by Homo erectus

Homo sapiens cranium (Irhoud 2)
Lateral and facial view of a cast of a skull belonging to an adult male Homo sapiens discovered at Jebel Irhoud (formerly Ighoud), Barytes mine S.E of Safi, Morocco, by Mohammed Ben Fatmi, summer 1961

Pthirus pubis, crab louse
A crab louse with a body length 3.5 mm, this species of louse is known to sometimes infest the human body

Homo sapiens cranium (Qafzeh 9)
Lateral and frontal view of a cast of a Homo sapiens adult skull discovered at Dkebel Kafzeh, Israel by B. Vandermeersch, 1965-1969

Gigantopithecus model jaw
Model of Gigantopithecus jaw with Gorilla jaw for scale

Rhodnius prolixus, C
This insect is a member of the Triatomine group, which are associated with the transmission of disease to humans

A Swanscombe Hand Axe
One of many hand axes that have been discovered at the Homo neanderthalensis site of Swanscombe, Kent which was inhabited about 500, 000 to 300, 000 years ago

Horse-head engraved on bone
Late Pleistocene wild horses head engraved on the right fourth metatarsal bone of a horse, specimen (NHM 38745)

Skull cups and bone fragments, Goughs Cave
Skull cups identified among human remains from Goughs Cave, Somerset. At around 14, 700 years old, the skull cups are the oldest directly dated examples in the world

Skull cup found at Goughs Cave
A skull cup identified among human remains from Goughs Cave, Somerset. At around 14, 700 years old, the skull cups are the oldest directly dated examples in the world

Homo sapiens cranium
A cast of a human (Homo sapiens) cranium held at the Natural History Museum, London

Part of human perinatal skeleton from Poundbury Cemetery (Romano-British, 2nd / 3rd century A.D.), Dorset

Romano-british human collar bone
Anterior of medial end of right collar bone of a human skeleton from Radley in Oxfordshire. Age between 50 BC and 410 AD

Homo heidelbergensis cranium (Petralona 1)
An adult male cranium (cast) discovered at the foot of Katsika Hill, Petralona, south east of Thessaloniki, Greece. The specimen dates back 400, 000 years. It was discovered by J

Homo erectus cranium (OH9)
The cranium (cast) of Homo erectus discovered at Bed II, site LLK at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania by Louis Leakey in 1960. This specimen is the Holotype of Homo leakeyi. This specimen dates back c

Homo sapiens (Goughs Cave 190) cranium
Modern human skull showing cut marks excavated from Goughs Cave, Cheddar, Somerset dated at around 14, 000 to 12, 000 years old, late upper palaeolithic (Creswellian)

Paragonimus sp. parasitic worm
Human lung fluke, a parasitic worm. Common in South East Asia, in 1980 there were thought to be 3 million people infected

Homo sapiens cranium (Mladec 1)
Lateral view of a cast of a skull belonging to a male Homo sapiens discovered at Mladec, Boceks Cave by J. Szombathy, June 1881

Homo sapiens cranium (Qafzeh 6)
Lateral view of a cast of (Qafzeh 6), a homo sapiens cranium with dentition. Discovered at Djebel Kafzeh, Israel by R. Neuville & M. Stekelis, 1934. Middle Palaeolithic 250, 000-35, 000 BP

Homo sapiens (Goughs Cave) ulna
Broken human ulna excavated from Goughs Cave, Cheddar, Somerset dated at around 14, 000 to 12, 000 years old, late upper palaeolithic (Creswellian)

Homo sapiens skull
Lateral and frontal view of a cast of Homo sapiens skull from Eliye Springs, Kenya. Middle Pleistocene 790, 000-130, 000

Homo sapiens (Goughs Cave 6) mandible
Adult mandible excavated from Goughs Cave, Cheddar, Somerset dates back to around 14, 000 to12, 000 years ago (Creswellian)

Homo sapiens cranium (Mungo 3)
Frontal view of a cast of a skull belonging to Homo sapiens, discovered off Lake Mungo, North East of Mildura, Australia

Homo neanderthalensis cranium (Guattari 1)
Frontal view of a cast of the skull belonging to Homo Neanderthalensis (Neandertal Man), adult male, discovered at Grotta Guattari, Mount Circeo, Italy, by A. Guattari, 1939

Homo sapiens cranium (Stetten 1)
Frontal view of a cast of a cranium belonging to an adult, possibly male, Homo sapiens discovered at Cave Vogelherd-Hohle, North West of Stetten by G. Riek, July 1931

Homo sapiens cranium (Singa 1)
Lateral view of a Homo sapiens skull discovered at Singa, West bank of the River Nile, Sudan, by W.R.G Bond, February 1924

Homo sapiens cranium (Mladec 5)
Lateral view of a cast of an adult male Homo sapiens skull disovered at Mladec (Lautsch), Boceks Cave, N. Moravia, Czech Republic, by workers, March 1904

Hermetia illucens, soldier fly
Soldier fly from Christmas Island. Example of a species of fly that has been spread by human activity. Specimen held at the Natural History Museum, London

Homo sapiens cranium (Qafzeh 11)
Lateral view of a cast of the Qafzeh child (Early Modern Homo sapiens) discovered at Djebel kafzeh, Israel by B. Vandermeersch, 1965-1969, dating back to around 100, 000 years

Homo sapiens cranium (Wadjak 1)
Three-quarter view of a cast of a cranium of Homo sapiens from Wadjak, Java. Age about 6, 000 BP

Late archaic Homo sapiens cranium (Skhul 9)
The cranium of late archaic Homo sapiens known as Skhul 9 discovered at the Skhul Cave, Israel. This specimen dates to back 105, 000 years ago

Homo sapiens cranium (UC 101)
Skull UC 101 discovered at the upper cave (Shandingdong), Zhoukoudian, China. This specimen belonging to Modern Homo sapiens dates back to 30, 000 years ago

Archaic Homo sapiens cranium (Laetoli 18)
A front view of a cranium belonging to Archaic Homo sapiens dating back to 150, 000 years ago. This specimen known as Laetoli 18 was discovered within the Ngaloba bed at Laetoli in Tanazania

Bonnet
Collected during the archaelogical excavation at Christ Church, Spitalfields, London, 1984-1986

Cheddar Man
The skull of Cheddar Man. This skull is approximately 10, 000 years old. The hole in the forehead may have been caused by infection and also possibly be the cause of death

Homo sapiens mandible
Mandible of an adult male early modern Homo sapiens from Predmosti, Czech Republic lived about 27, 000 years ago. Gravettian culture, Upper Palaeolithic

Homo sapiens, human and Gorilla gorilla, western gorilla
Drawing of a human skeleton and a gorilla skeleton. Published in Transactions of the Zoological Society of London Vol. 5, Part 1 by Richard Owen, 1866

Homo erectus cranium (Ngandong 12)
The cranium (cast) of a young adult male discovered at Ngandong on the Solo River terrace near Randublatung, Java. It was excavated by C. ter Haar and team in 1931-33. This specimen dates back c

Homo sapiens (Goughs Cave 139) maxillae
Adult modern human maxillae excavated from Goughs Cave, Cheddar, Somerset dated at around 14, 000 to 12, 000 years old, (Creswellian)

Trichinella spiralis, parasitic roundworm
This parasitic, nematode roundworm (Trichinella spiralis) infects a wide variety of mammals, including man

Homo sapiens (Goughs Cave 22 / 87)
Adolescent human maxillae excavated from Goughs Cave, Cheddar, Somerset dated at around 14, 000 to 12, 000 years old, (Creswellian)

Homo sapiens cranium (Omo 2)
Frontal view of a cranium belonging to Archaic Homo sapiens dating back to 130, 000 years ago. This specimen is a cast of the skull known as Omo 2 discovered in 1967 at the Omo River, Ethiopia

Homo sapiens cranium (Omo 1)
A reconstruction of Homo sapiens skull discovered By the team of Richard Leakey in 1967. Location: Kibish, north west of Kenya Camp near Shiangoro Village east of River Omo

Homo sapiens cranium (Border Cave 1)
Lateral view of cast of a Homo sapiens skull discovered at Liujiang (or Liukiang), Kwangsi Province, China by farm workers in 1958. Upper Pleistocene 130, 000-12, 000 BP

Homo erectus, Java man
A model of Homo erectus, known as Java man, based on fossil evidence found in archaeological sites along the Solo River, Indonesia. The fossils date back to around 500, 000 to 800, 000 years ago

Homo erectus, Peking man
A model head of Homo erectus known as Peking man, based upon evidence discovered at Zhoukoudian Cave (Locality 1), China dating back 500, 000 years. This model was created by Maurice Wilson

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