Hominoid Collection

Sensory homunculus
This model shows what a mans body would look like if each part grew in proportion to the area of the cortex of the brain concerned with its sensory perception

Motor homunculus
This model shows what a mans body would look like if each part grew in proportion to the area of the cortex of the brain concerned with its movement

Hominid crania
L to R: Australopithecus africanus; Homo rudolfensis; H.erectus; H. heildebergensis; H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens

Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1) (Lucy)
A cast of the partial skeleton (nicknamed Lucy) of Australopithecus afarensis found at the Hadar, North East Ethiopia in 1974 by Donald Johanson

Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1) (Lucy)
A partial skeleton (nicknamed Lucy) of Australopithecus afarensis found at the Hadar, North East Ethiopia in 1974 by Donald Johanson

Homo neanderthalensis in action at Swanscombe, UK
An illustration by Angus McBride showing a group of Homo neanderthalensis on the ancient banks of the river Thames in modern day Swanscombe, Kent

Proconsul africanus
An illustration of the extinct primate, Proconsul africanus. Like Dendropithecus, they mostly lived in tropical forests in East Africa during the Miocene about 50 million years ago

Australopithecus afarensis
Illustration by Maurice Wilson of extinct African hominids (Australopithecus afarensis) living 3-4 million years ago. They walked upright, although they retained the ability to climb trees

Hominid reconstructions in chronological order
From left to right: Australopithecus, Early Homo erectus (Java Man), Late Homo erectus (Peking Man), Homo heidelbergensis (Rhodesian Man), Neanderthal man and Homo sapiens (Cro-Magnon)

Homo heidelbergensis in action
A reconstructed scene by Angus McBride showing Homo erectus killing an elephant. Homo heidelbergensis lived for about 1.5 million years and is believed to have used sophisticated tools

Guy (1946-1978), a western lowland gorilla
Guy the gorilla was one of London Zoos best-loved residents. After his death, he lived on as a display and research specimen at the Natural History Museum

Gorilla gorilla gorilla, western lowland gorilla

Wallaces Orang Utan
Pongo pygmaeus, bornean orangutan specimen. An Alfred Russel Wallace specimen

Homo erectus cranium casts Peking Man & OH9
Left: This skull is a reconstruction based upon evidence discovered at locality 1, Zhoukoudian Cave which date back 500, 000 years

Homo erectus (or Homo ergaster), Turkana boy (KNM-WT 15000)
A replica of the fossil cranium (with reconstruction) that once belonged to a male Homo erectus aged 9 to 12 years old when he died

Homo erectus, Java Man cranium (Sangiran 17)

Aegyptopithecus zeuxis
Illustration of an Egyptian Ape by Maurice Wilson. The forerunners of both monkeys and apes. These small arboreal primates lived 35-32 million years ago in the tropical rain forests of northern Egypt

Pongo pygmaeus, orangutan
Portrait of a female orangutan, native to the Islands of Java, Sumatra and Borneo. Photographed by Frank Greenaway

Homo erectus, Java Man (Sangiran 17) cranium cast
Three quarter view of partially reconstructed cranium of Homo erectus Java Man about 700, 000 years old known as Sangiran 17. Discovered by Towikromo in 1969

Homo erectus crania (Ngandong 1 & Trinil)
The larger cranium belongs to Homo erectus discovered at Ngandong near to the Solo River on the island of Java, Indonesia

Homo heidelbergensis, Boxgrove Man tibia
The tibia or shin bone of Boxgrove Man (Homo heidelbergensis) discovered in a quarry at Boxgrove, West Sussex, UK

Homo sapiens, Cro-Magnon man
A model head of Homo sapiens, Cro-Magnon man. Cro-Magnon man, an anatomically modern human lived around 30, 000 years ago in the Dordogne region of France. This model was created by Maurice Wilson

Homo neanderthalensis
A model head of Neanderthal man (Homo neanderthalensis) created by Maurice Wilson. Neanderthal man is believed to have lived between around 130, 000 and 35, 000 years ago

Homo heidelbergensis, Boxgrove Man
An artists impression of Boxgrove Man (Homo heidelbergensis) based on fossil evidence discovered at a quarry in Boxgrove, Chichester, W. Sussex

Paranthropus sp. (left) and Homo erectus (right)
Illustration by Maurice Wilson. 2 to 1.5 million years ago parts of Africa were populated by these two hominids. Paranthropus foraged peacefully but here is threatened by Homo erectus

Gigantopithecus model jaw
Model of Gigantopithecus jaw with Gorilla jaw for scale

Australopithecus boisei (OH5) & Homo habilis (OH24) crania
Two cranium casts of: (left) Australopithecus boisei known as OH5 and (right) homo habilis known as OH24. Both original specimens were discovered within Bed 1 at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

Australopithecus africanus mandible (MLD 2)
Mandible and teeth of an adolescent male (of about 12 years) Australopithecus africanus discovered at Makapansgat by A.R. Hughes and S. Kitching in July 1948

Wallaces Orang Utan
Pongo pygmaeus, bornean orangutan specimen. An Alfred Russel Wallace specimen

A Happy Family
Plate 13 taken from The Life and Habits of Wild Animals, illustrated with designs by Joseph Wolf, London 1874. Date: 1874

Pongo pygmaeus, Orang utan
This glorious orang utan was shot by naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-1800s

Skull cups and bone fragments, Goughs Cave
Skull cups identified among human remains from Goughs Cave, Somerset. At around 14, 700 years old, the skull cups are the oldest directly dated examples in the world

Paranthropus robustus cranium (SK 48)
A cast of the cranium belonging to an adult female Paranthropus robustus discovered at Swartkrans, South Africa by Dr. Robert Broom and J.T. Robinson. P. robustus lived around 1.5 million years ago

Skull cup found at Goughs Cave
A skull cup identified among human remains from Goughs Cave, Somerset. At around 14, 700 years old, the skull cups are the oldest directly dated examples in the world

Australopithecus sp. hip bone
The hip bone (Os coxae) of Australopithecus from Sterkfontein, South Africa

Homo habilis cranium & mandible fragment casts
Casts of fragments mandible and cranium fragments of a Homo habilis discovered at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania dating back to between 1.85 million years ago to 1.6 million years ago

Boxgrove excavation site
A view of the archaeological excavation site at Boxgrove, West Sussex, UK

Australopithecus sp. thigh & hip bone

99% Ape cover illustration

Hoxnian anters, bones & hand axe from Swanscombe
Part of a deer antler, fragment of elephant bone and flint hand axe all discovered at Swanscombe, Kent, south of the River Thames

Affenbande am Flusse
A troup of monkeys on the riverside, page 199 from Loango Expedition 1873-1876 published in 1879, by P Gussfeldt et al

Homo heidelbergensis cranium (Petralona 1)
An adult male cranium (cast) discovered at the foot of Katsika Hill, Petralona, south east of Thessaloniki, Greece. The specimen dates back 400, 000 years. It was discovered by J

Homo erectus cranium (OH9)
The cranium (cast) of Homo erectus discovered at Bed II, site LLK at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania by Louis Leakey in 1960. This specimen is the Holotype of Homo leakeyi. This specimen dates back c

The Malay Archipelago
Title page of The Malay Archipelago, The Land of the Orang-Utan and the Bird of Paradise. A Narrative of travel with studies of Man and Nature. By Alfred Russel Wallace, 1874

Dragonflies and Fish
Dragonflies from Libellulinae Europaeae by Toussaint de Charpenter, 1840. Fish from Voyage de la Coquille, Zoology Atlas II by Duperrey

Homo sapiens cranium (Qafzeh 11)
Lateral view of a cast of the Qafzeh child (Early Modern Homo sapiens) discovered at Djebel kafzeh, Israel by B. Vandermeersch, 1965-1969, dating back to around 100, 000 years

Homo ergaster cranium (KNM - ER 3733)
Homo ergaster cranium from Koobi Fora, Area 104, Kenya. Cast of KNM - ER 3733. side view. Scale in cms. This specimen discovered in 1975 by Bernard Ngeneo dates back to 1.6 million years ago

Paranthropus robustus cranium with perforations
Cast of cranial bones of Paranthropus robustus with two perforations probably made by a leopard. Original skull from Swartkrans, Transvaal, S. Africa

Homo rudolfensis cranium (KNM - ER 1470)
Homo habilis cranium from Koobi Fora, Area 131, Kenya. Cast of KNM - ER 1470 (1st reconstruction). Three-quarter view. Scale in cms

Homo sapiens cranium (UC 101)
Skull UC 101 discovered at the upper cave (Shandingdong), Zhoukoudian, China. This specimen belonging to Modern Homo sapiens dates back to 30, 000 years ago

Archaic Homo sapiens cranium (Laetoli 18)
A front view of a cranium belonging to Archaic Homo sapiens dating back to 150, 000 years ago. This specimen known as Laetoli 18 was discovered within the Ngaloba bed at Laetoli in Tanazania

Casts of Australopithecus boisei jaw bones
Casts of Upper jaw (left) of Australopithecus (Paranthropus) boisei from the Olduvai Gorge; lower jaw (right) of Australopithecus (Paranthropus) boisei from Peninj

The Anthropomorpha of Linnaeus
An illustration by Bontius (1658) of early impressions of the Orangutan

Homo sapiens, human and Gorilla gorilla, western gorilla
Drawing of a human skeleton and a gorilla skeleton. Published in Transactions of the Zoological Society of London Vol. 5, Part 1 by Richard Owen, 1866

Homo erectus cranium (Ngandong 12)
The cranium (cast) of a young adult male discovered at Ngandong on the Solo River terrace near Randublatung, Java. It was excavated by C. ter Haar and team in 1931-33. This specimen dates back c

Homo erectus, Java man
A model of Homo erectus, known as Java man, based on fossil evidence found in archaeological sites along the Solo River, Indonesia. The fossils date back to around 500, 000 to 800, 000 years ago

Homo erectus, Peking man
A model head of Homo erectus known as Peking man, based upon evidence discovered at Zhoukoudian Cave (Locality 1), China dating back 500, 000 years. This model was created by Maurice Wilson

Hylobates lar, gibbon
Skeleton of a gibbon suspended from the ceiling of the Natural History Museum, Londons Central Hall as part of the Primate Gallery display

Pongo pygmaeus, orangutan and Gorilla gorilla, western goril

Bronze sculpture of Chimpanzee head
Bronze sulpture of Chimpanzee head in the Primate gallery at the Natural History Museum, London

Pongo pygmaeus, bornean orangutan
A specimen of Pongo pygmaeus, bornean orangutan

Homo neanderthalensis, Neandertal Man skeleton
Life size model of a male Neandertal (Homo neanderthalensis) skeleton. This was created using a modified modern human skeleton and replicas of Neandertal fossil bones

Homo neanderthalensis, Neanderthal Man skeleton
Life size model of a male Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) skeleton. This was created using a modified modern human skeleton and replicas of Neanderthal fossil bones

Homo erectus, Peking man cranium (reconstruction)
Reconstruction of a female Homo erectus cranium based upon the remains from many individuals discovered at Zhoukoudian Cave (Locality 1), China dating back 500, 000 years

Pan troglodytes, chimpanzee

Pongo pygmaeus, orang-outang
The muscles of the Pongo pygmaeus from Orang-Outang sive Homo Sylvestris: or, The Anatomy of a Pygmie Compared with That of a Monkey, an Ape, and a Man by Edward Tyson, 1699

A Tropical Bathing-Place
Plate 10 taken from The Life and Habits of Wild Animals, illustrated by designs by Joseph Wolf, London 1874

Pan paniscus, pygmy chimpanzee
Photographed by Frank Greenaway

Sivapithecus indicus
Illustration by Maurice Wilson of Sivapithecus indicus, thick coated enamelled apes from Turkey and Indo-Pakistan dating from 13 million years ago

Homo neanderthalensis, Neanderthal Man burial site (Teshik-T
Reconstruction of a Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) burial site based on remains discovered at Teshik-Tash, Uzbekistan dating back 70, 000 years

Homo sapiens (Predmosti) & Homo neanderthalensis (La Ferrass

Paranthropus boisei (OH5)

Proconsul, Homo heildebergensis & Homo neanderthalensis cran
L to R: Cranium of Proconsul

Gorilla gorilla, gorilla

Homo neanderthalensis, Neanderthal Man cranium (Neanderthal
Cranium (cast) of Neanderthal 1, the original Neanderthal man discovered by workmen in 1856 in a cave at Neander Valley near Hochdahl, East of Dusseldorf, Germany

Pongo sp. Mandible and molar (Piltdown 1 & 2)
Lateral lingual view of Piltdown 1 mandible with Piltdown 2 left molar. Held at The Natural History Museum, London

Pongo sp. Mandible with canine (Piltdown 1)
Left lateral view of the Piltdown mandible reported to be that of a newly found homind species in 1913 but then revealed as a forgery in 1953. Specimen held at The Natural History Museum, London

Bronze bust of a chimpanzee

Homo sapiens skeleton (Omo 1)
The skeleton of Homo sapiens discovered by Richard Leakeys team in 1967 at Kibish, north west of Camp Kenya, East of the Omo River, Eithiopia. Dated 130, 000 years old

Gorilla, November 1897
The gorilla shown in an aggressive posture became a popular museum highlight

Homo erectus femur (Trinil)
A cast of a Homo erectus femur originally discovered at the Trinil site on the Solo River, Java, Indonesia by Eugene Dubois between 1891 and 1892

Professor Chris Stringer with four hominid skulls
Top left: Modern Human (Europe). Top right: Modern Human (Africa). Bottom left: Gibraltar Neanderthal, Forbes Quarry. Bottom right: Broken Hiil Skull, Zambia

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