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Homo erectus cranium (Trinil 2)A cranium (cast) belonging to Homo erectus discovered at Trinil near to the River Solo, Java, Indonesia by Eugene Dubois in 1891
Iguanodon brainA partial skull that contains a natural mould (endocast) of the interior of the skull where the brain would sit. This is a representation of the external shape of the Iguanodon brain
Iguanodon thumb spikeA fossil thumb spike that once belonged to Iguanodon, a herbivorous dinosaur that lived 140 to 110 million years ago. It is though to have used its sharp ended thumb to defend itself against predators
Iguanodon metatarsalA fossil metatarsal (the long bone of the foot) that once belonged to the herbivorous bipedal dinosaur, Iguanodon. The rough patches are where the muscles and tendons were attached to the bone
Iguanodon footThe right foot of a very large Iguanodon. Some of the toe joints have small frills of bony overgrowth, showing that the dinosaur was suffering from arthritis
Iguanodon handFossil remains of a hand that once belonged to the herbivorous dinosaur, Iguanodon. Notice the very sharpe spike like thumb which is thought to have been used for defending itself against predators
Didymograptus, graptoliteDidymograptus, Ordovician tuning-fork planktonic graptolites. Graptolites are an extinct group of marine, colonial animals
Dictyonema, graptoliteShown here is Dictyonema, a Cambrian dendroid graptolite. Graptolites are the fossil remains of small colonial animals. Graptolite colonies were connected together by living tissue
Gymnosperm, palm & angiospermComposite photomicrograph comparing structures visible through a hand-held lens in transverse section of fossil tree trunks: gymnosperm (left), palm (centre) and angiosperm (right)
Protobarinophyton obrutscheviiThe fossilised leafless stems of Protobarinophyton obrutschevii topped by a cone-like array of sopre sacs. Approximately 3 mm wide
Rhynia major, fossilised plantA complete soft tissue preservation at the cellular level in Rhynia major. Transverse section through stem, approximately 2mm in diameter. From Rhynie Chert, Scotland, Early Devonian
Marpolia spissa, fossilised algaeA fossilised type of green algae, possible filamentous cyanobacteria (Marpolia spissa), approximately 12 mm in height. This specimen was discovered in the Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale, Canada
Bothrodendron minutifoliu, fossil clubmossShown here is a fossilised leafy twig of a clubmoss originating from Carboniferous rocks near Barnsley, England
Athleta luctator, fossil sea snailA fossil sea snail (Athleta luctator) dating from the late Eocene rocks around Barton, England
Sigillaria rugosa, fossil club mossThis section of a club moss trunk displays leaf scars where leaves grew straight out from. Club mosses could grow up to heights of 30 metres
Fossil branches of CalamitesThe fossil branches of Calamites sp. bearing leaves and cones; Palaeostachya and Asterophyllites. Specimen discovered in Wales, dating back to the Late Carboniferous period
Coal, from the late carboniferousCoal is formed from fossil plants. The regular pattern on the surface of this 14 cm long piece is the impression of the bark of a fossil tree; Lepidodendron
Amber on a Norfolk beachAmber is a fossilised form of tree resin. Baltic amber is occasionally washed up on the beaches of eastern Britain
Lepidotes, fossil fish
Sigillaria rugosa, fossil plantShown here is a section of the stem of a 300 million year old Carboniferous plant, probably abundant in the Carboniferous swamplands. The stem or trunk is the most common part to be fossilised
Cupressinoxylon, fossil woodComposite photomicrograph showing transverse (left), tangential (centre) and radial (right) sections through fossil wood; Cupressinoxylon from the London Clay at Ashford, Kent, England
Asteroceras obtusum, ammoniteShown here is a Jurassic ammonite. Ammonites are an extinct group of fossil cephalopods related to todays Nautilus
Glossopteris, fossil plantShown here is Glossopteris, a fossil fern plant with tongue-shaped leaves with a net-like arrangement of veins
Fluorescent groupA group including amber, ruby, ivory, fluorite and opal photographed in ultra violet light. See 179 for the same group in white light
Dapedium orbicularis, fossil fishA well preseved example of an enamel-scaled fish from the Lower Lias, Lyme Regis, Dorset, England
Various CephalopodaA selection of live and fossilised cephalopoda