Encyclopedia Collection

Guinea pig, Cavia porcellus, and capybara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris. Handcoloured copperplate engraving after Sydenham Edwards from John Mason Goods Pantologia, a New Encyclopedia, G

Spelt, buckwheat and rice
Cereals and grains: spelt or dinkled wheat, Triticum spelta 1, buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum 2, and rice, Oryza sativa 3

Varieties of treefrogs
Veined tree frog, Trachycephalus typhonius 3, rusty tree frog or giant gladiator treefrog, Boana boans 4, and red-snouted treefrog; Scinax ruber 5

Species of ibis
Scarlet ibis, Eudocimus ruber 1, 2, black-faced ibis, Theristicus melanopis 3, Cayenne ibis or green ibis, Mesembrinibis cayennensis 4, and glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus 5

18th century surgical equipment
Bone saw 1, pincers 2, 3, scissors 4, lead mallet 5 and hook for childbirth 6. Copperplate engraving by Robert Benard from Denis Diderots Encyclopedia, Pellet, Geneva, 1779

Wels catfish and Blochs catfish
Wels catfish, Silurus glanis 74, and Blochs catfish, Pimelodus blochii 75

Skate, stingray and thornback ray
Skate, Dipturus batis 8, 9, stingray, Dasyatis pastinaca 10, and thornback ray, Raja clavata 11

Inland navigation of England and Wales by
Map of the inland navigation of England and Wales by the canals and principal rivers, 1809. Copperplate engraving by Mutlow from John Mason Goods Pantologia, a New Encyclopedia, G

Hydrangea, Hydrangea hortensia. Handcoloured copperplate engraving from Friedrich Johann Bertuchs Bilderbuch fur Kinder (Picture Book for Children), Weimar, 1802

Cereal grains
Wheat, Triticum aestivum 1, rye, Secale cereale 2, barley, Hordeum distichon 3, and oats, Avena sativa 4

View of basalt columns under a volcanic crater. Mineralogy

The crater of Mount Vesuvius, Italy, 1797. Smoke emerging from the volcano, scientists observing from the crater's rim

Examples of Doric pillars or columns

Corinthian and composite capitals, Greek architecture

Pillar and capital of theTemple of Athena Polias in Priene
Pillar and capital of the Temple of Athena Polias in Priene, an Ionic order temple located northwest of Priene's Agora

Critically endangered European eel, electric eel, etc
European eel, Anguilla anguilla, critically endangered 1, marbled swamp eel, Synbranchus marmoratus 2, snake eel, Caecula species 3, electric eel, Electrophorus electricus 4, Mediterranean moray

Lobster, shrimp and hermit crab species
Slipper lobster, Scyllarus arctus 1, mantis shrimp, Squilla mantis 2, Halloween hermit crab, Ciliopagurus strigatus 3, narwal shrimp, Plesionika narval 4, hermit crab, Diogenes dubius 5

Gorgonian soft corals and red coral
Gorgonian soft corals, Annella reticulata and Verrucella umbraculum, and red coral, Corallium rubrum

Hermit crabs, mantis shrimp and amphipods
Red reef hermit, Dardanus arrosor, hermit crabs, Cancellus canaliculatus and Pagurus excavatus in shell, mantis shrimp, Squilla mantis, and amphipods, Gammarus ampullas, Gammarellus paludosus

Types of stony coral
Organ pipe coral, Tubipora musica, mushroom coral, Fungia fungites, bowl coral, Halomitra pileus, Madrepora foliaceus and Madrepora agathus

Purple land crab, shell-carrying crab, etc
Purple land crab, Gecarcinus ruricola, shell-carrying crab or sponge crab, Conchoecetes artificiosus, Dorippoides facchino, and Muradium tetragonum. Crustacea

Seaweeds, coral weed and algae
Red seaweed, Corallina officinalis, green macroalgae, Halimeda incrassata, slender-beaded coral weed, Jania rubens var. corniculata, Jania squamata, watercress alga, Halimeda opuntia

Red beard sponge, demosponge, purse sponge, soft coral, etc
Red beard sponge, Clathria (Clathria) prolifera, demosponge, Isodictya palmata, calcareous purse sponge, Sycon ciliatum, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) tubulosa, Spongia tabulosa

Examples of Doric pillars or columns, classical architecture. Temple of Corinth, Hypaethral Temple at Paestum, Temple of Minerva at Sunium, Temple of Minerva at Syracuse

Soft coral sea fan, sea whip, red tree coral and octocoral
Soft coral sea fan, Antillogorgia americana, sea whip, Ellisella ceratophyta, red tree coral, Primnoa resedaeformis, and octocoral, Swiftia exserta

Greater argonaut, glassy nautilus and chambered nautilus
Greater argonaut, Argonauta argo, glassy nautilus, Carinaria cristata, and chambered nautilus, Nautilus pompilius

Species of Bryozoans: Flustra foliacea 1, Flustra bombycina 2, Carbasea carbasea 3, and Electra verticillata 4. Zoophytes

Frilled anemone, Metridium senile, as Actinia cercus, Actinia dianthus

Sea slug, Onchidium typhae 1, depilatory sea hare, Aplysia depilans 2, redbrown nudibranch, Platydoris argo 3, blue sea dragon, Glaucus atlanticus 4, common grey sea slug, Aeolidia papillosa 5

South American tapir, Tapirus terrestris (Tapir americanus). From an original drawing in the collection of E. Woodford. Quadrupeds Copperplate engraving by J

Hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius. From an original drawing in the collection of E. Woodford. Quadrupeds Copperplate engraving by J

English longhorn cattle, long-horned or Lancashire breed of cattle. Bull and cow. Oxen, Bos taurus

Sea otter, otter, marten and sable
Endangered sea otter, Enhydra lutris 1, otter with fish, Lutra lutra 2, beech marten, Martes foina 3, and sable, Martes zibellina 4. Mammalia

Lantern flies, cicadas, planthoppers, etc

Elevation of the Temple of Pandrosus at Athens, Greece. Pandroseion temple dedicated to Pandrosus, one of the daughters of Cecrops I, the first king of Attica. Columns adorned with caryatides

Imbrasia obscura, lappet, puss moth, hebe tiger moth, etc
Lappet, Gastropacha quercifolia, Kentish glory, Endromis versicolora, puss moth, Cerura vinula, Imbrasia obscura, drinker, Euthrix potatoria, and hebe tiger moth, Arctia festiva

Water scorpion, aphid, bedbug, and scale insects
Water scorpion, Nepa grandis, aphid, Pterocomma salicis, scale insect, Kermes quercus, woolly aphid, Psylla buxi, Psylla alni, soft scale insect, Coccus hesperidum, bedbug, Cimex lectularius, etc

Sphinx moths or hawk moths of the genus Sesia, Sphinx, and Zygaena. Copperplate engraving by J

Hornets, bees, ants and velvet ants
Greater banded hornet, Vespa tropica 1, carpenter bees, Xylocopa violacea 6, Xylocopa aestuans 7, ants, Camponotus cruentatus 8, Carebara bengalensis 9, and velvet ants, Traumatomutilla americana 11

Species of whip scorpion, whip spider and harvestmen

Species of wasps
Red-banded sand wasp, Ammophila sabulosa, mammoth wasp, Megascolia maculata, Leucospis dorsigera, etc. Scolia flavifrons

Small emperor moth, tau emperor, etc
Small emperor moth, Citheronia laocoon, Saturnia pavonia, tau emperor, Aglia tau, Atlas moth, Attacus atlas, and Luna moth, Actias luna

Great African white ant, Macrotermes bellicosus (Termes bellicosus). Labourers 1, soldiers 2, king 3, male 4, pregnant female or queen 5, nests 6

Grasshoppers, crickets, etc
Giant red-winged grasshopper, Tropidacris cristata subsp

Giant forest scorpion, wood scorpion, etc
Giant forest scorpion, Heterometrus indus 1, 2, unknown species 3 and wood scorpion, Euscorpius italicus 4, 5

The Temple of Khnum at Esna, Egypt. Portico with six columns, heiroglyphs carved in the walls and columns. Plan and elevation of a portico at Latopolis. Copperplate engraving by J

Barrel jellyfish and Catablema vesicarium
Barrel jellyfish, Rhizostoma pulmo 1, 1* and Catablema vesicarium 2. Medusa pulmo, and Medusa campanula

Common sheep and South Down polled sheep, Ovis aries
Common sheep, Ovis aries, and South Down polled sheep of the improved breeds, from the stock of the model farm of Francis Russell, 5th Duke of Bedford, Woburn Abbey

Timber rattlesnake and South American rattlesnake
Timber rattlesnake or banded rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus, and South American rattlesnake or striped rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus

Dromedary and Bactrian camels
Arabian camel or dromedary, Camelus dromedarius, and Bactrian camel, Camelus bactrianus. Copperplate engraving by J

Reindeer, red deer, axis deer and giraffe
Reindeer, Rangifer tarandus, red deer, Cervus elaphus, spotted axis deer, Cervus axis, and giraffe, Cervus camelopardalis. Rein deer, Cervus tarandus, camelopard, Camelopardalis giraffa

Hare, springhare, jerboa and hyrax species
Lesser jerboa, Jaculus jaculus 1, northern three-toed jerboa, Dipus sagitta 2, South African springhare, Pedetes capensis 3, common hare, Lepus timidus 4, alpine hare, Lepus alpinus 5, rock hyrax

Alpine ibex and various goat species
Alpine ibex goat, Capra ibex 1, common British mountain goat, Capra aegagrus 2, 3, common domesticated goat 4, Syrian goat 5, Angora goat, Capra hircus 6. Copperplate engraving by J

Mount Vesuvius as seen from the Bay of Naples, Italy, 1797. Smoke rising from the crater and lava flowing down the mountain side

Views of the volcano Mount Etna erupting from two craters, 1669
Views of the volcano Mount Etna erupting from a two craters, 1669

Views of the volcano Mount Etna erupting. Three scientists viewing and sketching from a ledge above the crater

Eastern portico of the Parthenon on the Acropolis of Athens, Greece. Original illustration by William Pars for James Athenian Stuart's Antiquities of Athens, 1789

Atlas moth and white witch moth
Atlas moth, Attacus atlas (China) and white witch moth, Thysania agrippina (Cayenne)

Panther or leopard, vulnerable
Panther or leopard, Panthera pardus, vulnerable. Le panthere, le leopard

Giant sphinx, Rothschildia aurota, Luna moth
Giant sphinx, Cocytius antaeus 1, larva 2, pupa 3, Rothschildia aurota 4, Luna moth, Actias luna 6. Grande sphinx 1, Phalene a miroir 4

Lion and tiger, endangered
Lion, Panthera leo, and tiger, Panthera tigris, endangered. Le lion, le tigre

Buru babirusa, South American tapir and capybara
Buru babirusa, Babyrousa babyrussa, South American tapir, Tapirus terrestris, and capybara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris. Le babi-roussa, le tapir, le cabiai

Elk and reindeer
Moose or elk, Alces alces, and reindeer or caribou, Rangifer tarandus. L'elan, le renne

Northern giraffe and mouse deer
Northern giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis, and chevrotain or Java mouse deer, Tragulus javanicus. La giraffe, le chevrotin

Alpine ibex and harnessed bushbuck
Alpine ibex, Capra ibex, and harnessed bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus. Le bouquetin, le guib

African buffalo and mouflon
African buffalo or Cape buffalo, Syncerus caffer, and mouflon, Ovis gmelini. Le buffle, le moufflon

Skinks and female viper giving birth
Skink, Scincus scincus, three-toed skink, Chalcides chalcides, and female viper giving birth, Vipera species. Le scinc, le seps, la vipere femelle

American crocodile and Tokay gecko
American crocodile, Crocodylus acutus, crocodile hatching from egg, and Tokay gecko, Gekko gecko. Le crocodile; oeuf de crocodile; le-toc-kaie

American bullfrog and Suriname toad
American bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus, and common Suriname toad with eggs and baby toads on its back, Pipa pipa. La grenouille mugissante, le crapaud pipa

Tortoise, sea turtle and chameleon
Land tortoise species, endangered green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas, and Mediterranean chameleon, Chamaeleo chamaeleon. Tortue de terre; tortue de mer, le cameleon

Right whale, cachalot and narwhal
North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis (critically endangered), sperm whale or cachalot, Physeter macrocephalus (endangered) and narwhal, Monodon monoceros

Black tamarin and marmoset
Black tamarin, Saguinus niger, and common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus. Le tamarin; l'ouistiti

Barbary macaque and red-shanked douc
Endangered Barbary macaque, Macaca sylvanus, and critically endangered red-shanked douc, Pygathrix nemaeus. Le macaque, le douc

Spider monkey and capuchin monkey
Red-faced spider monkey, Ateles paniscus, and tufted capuchin, Sapajus apella. La coaita, le sajou

Hamadryas baboon and wanderoo
Hamadryas baboon, Papio hamadryas, and endangered wanderoo or lion-tailed macaque, Macaca silenus, Le papion, l'ouanderou

Plains zebra and Bactrian camel
Plains zebra, Equus quagga, and Bactrian camel or Mongolian camel, Camelus bactrianus. Le zebre, le dromedaire

Endangered chimpanzee and gibbon
Endangered chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes, and endangered agile gibbon, Hylobates agilis. Le jocko, le gibbon

Giant anteater, giant pangolin and long-tailed pangolin
Giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla, endangered giant pangolin, Smutsia gigantea, and long-tailed pangolin, Phataginus tetradactyla. Le fourmilier, le pangolin, le phatagin

Endangered lemurs and loris
Critically endangered black-and-white ruffed lemur, Varecia variegata, critically endangered mongoose lemur, Eulemur mongoz, and endangered red slender loris, Loris tardigradus

Otter, seal and walrus
North American river otter, Lontra canadensis, extinct Caribbean monk seal, Neomonachus tropicalis, and walrus, Odobenus rosmarus. La loutre du Canada, le phoque des Indes, le morse

Armadillo, sloth and opossum
Greater naked-tailed armadillo, Cabassous tatouay, Linnaeus's two-toed sloth, Choloepus didactylus, and common opossum, Didelphis marsupialis. Le kabassou, l'unau, le sarigue

Madagascan rousette, Siberian flying squirrel and eastern chipmu
Madagascan rousette bat, Rousettus madagascariensis, Siberian flying squirrel, Pteromys volans, and eastern chipmunk, Tamias striatus. La rourrette, le polatouche, le suisse

Eurasian beaver and Indian crested porcupine
Eurasian beaver, Castor fiber, and Indian crested porcupine, Hystrix indica. Le castor, le porc-epic

African civet, large Indian civet and genet
African civet, Civettictis civetta, large Indian civet, Viverra zibetha, and common genet, Genetta genetta. La civette, le zibet, la genette

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