Chert Collection

Flint hand axe
Photograph of a human-made hand axe, which was discovered in 1859, and is thought to be about 400, 000 years old

Micraster coranguinum (Leske), shepherds crown echinoid
Shepherds crown echinoid (Micraster coranguinum Leske) preserved in flint. Specimen from the Cretaceous Upper Chalk, England

Flint handaxe incorporating fossil echinoid
Cast of handaxe from Middle Gravels of Swanscombe, Kent. Loaned by Merseyside Museums; NHM E6870

Rhyniognatha hirsti
A pair of jaws (mandibles) preserved in a fragment of Rhynie Chert and mounted on a glass microscope slide. This is the worlds oldest fossil insect part

Mousterian tools
A slide scraper and a pointed tool made from black flint of Mousterian age, 40, 000 - 55, 000 years old (Middle Palaeolithic), from Le Moustier, France

Aurignacian tools
A bone point, probably a spearhead and a flint end-scraper tool of Aurignacian age, 30, 000 - 34, 000 years old from France

Hand-axes, blades & harpoon
The two axe-heads on the left are from the Middle Palaeolithic about 40, 000 BC; the three specimens on the right are from the Upper Palaeolithic abot 20, 000 BC (Agfa Film)

Flint artifact (Goughs Cave)
Creswellian flint artifacts excavated from Goughs Cave, Cheddar, Somerset dated at around 14, 000 to 12, 000 years old, late upper palaeolithic (Creswellian)

Flint tool from the Pakefield excavation site. Manmade stone tools have been discovered in Suffolk, in the UK, and indicate humans were living there at least 680, 000 years ago

Pakefield flint tools
Flint tools from the Pakefield excavation site. Manmade stone tools have been discovered in Suffolk, in the UK, and indicate humans were living there at least 680, 000 years ago

Flint tools from the Pakefield excavation site. Manmade stone tools have been discovered in Suffolk, in the UK, and indicate humans were living there at least 680, 000 years ago

Concretions

Hand-axe
Flint hand-axe of Acheulian culture (Lower Palaeolithic) with rounded spall pot-lid split by frost action. Specimen from University of London, Institute of Archaeology

Asteroxylon mackiei, clubmoss
A wax model reconstruction of the Early Devonian plant Asteroxylon mackiei, a clubmoss, approximately 10cm tall. Original specimen discovered at Rhynie Chert, Scotland

Piltdown flake implement
Piltdown, Sussex item E.612 held at The Natural History Museum, London

Piltdown flints
Collection of Piltdown flints held at The Natural History Museum, London

Piltdown Eolithic flint
Piltdown, Sussex item E.614 held at The Natural History Museum, London

Piltdown rolled flake
Piltdown, Sussex item E.613 held at The Natural History Museum, London

Piltdown flint implement
Piltdown, Sussex item E.605 held at The Natural History Museum, London

Piltdown Palaeolith flint
Piltdown, Sussex item E.685 held at The Natural History Museum, London

Harry Morris Flint

Homo neanderthalensis (calpicus) cranium (Gibraltar 1)
Frontal view of an adult female Neanderthal cranium discovered at Forbes Quarry, Gibraltar. Its discovery was announced by Lieutenant Flint in 1848 and it is believed to be 50, 000 years old

Flint hand axe (label)
Photograph of a human-made hand axe, which was discovered in 1859, and is thought to be about 400, 000 years old. This close-up of the label shows the date and initials J.P, for John Prestwich

Neanderthal artifacts
Stone tools believed to once have belonged to Neanderthal Man (Homo neanderthalensis) who lived in Gorhams Cave, Gibraltar

Banded iron formation
3, 000 million year old specimen of banded iron-rich chert from the Murchison Goldfield, Western Australia. The banding derives from differing amounts and oxidation state of the iron composite

Flint hand-axe
Late Palaeolithic from Farnham, Surrey, England

Flint nodule
This flint nodule originates from the Cretaceous rocks of the North Downs, England

Rhynia major, fossilised plant
A complete soft tissue preservation at the cellular level in Rhynia major. Transverse section through stem, approximately 2mm in diameter. From Rhynie Chert, Scotland, Early Devonian

Churchill on holiday at Dieppe, 1911
Winston Churchill(1874 -1965), then the Home Secretary, snapped on his holidays at Dieppe in France. Churchill emerges from the sea

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