Bone Collection (page 16)

Cephalaspid, fishes
Block of Old Red Sandstone from the Lower Devonian period about 400 million years ago containing the skeletons of cephalaspid fishes

Mammuthus trogontherii, steppe mammoth
Cranium and tusks of this Pleistocene steppe mammoth found at Ilford, Essex, England on display at the Natural History Museum, London

Brontotherium skull
Skull measuring 730 mm left to right, without the lower jaw, of Brontotherium, a gigantic Oligocene browsing ungulate from Nabraska, North America

Bothriospondylus madagascariensis
A fossil specimen of a femur fragment, or thigh bone that once belonged to the dinosaur, Bothriospondylus madagascariensis. It was discovered in Madagacar and dates back to the Middle Jurassic

The Piltdown (Skull) Gravel Pit
The site where the Pitdown specimens were claimed to have been discovered (1912-1915). Photograph believed to have been taken during the winter of 1913

Late archaic Homo sapiens cranium (Skhul 9)
The cranium of late archaic Homo sapiens known as Skhul 9 discovered at the Skhul Cave, Israel. This specimen dates to back 105, 000 years ago

Eomyctophum koraense
A fossiled fish originating from the Oligocene epoch, 37-24 million years ago. Found in Delatyn, East Galica, Ukraine

Macropus robustus, Euro wallaroo
Zoological drawing 5 (1:5). Watercolour study of skull and lower jaws of a wallaroo by Nathaniel Dance (1735-1811)

Homo sapiens cranium (UC 101)
Skull UC 101 discovered at the upper cave (Shandingdong), Zhoukoudian, China. This specimen belonging to Modern Homo sapiens dates back to 30, 000 years ago

Diprotodon skull
Diprotodon is the largest known marsupial mammal. This herbivore was over 3 metres long and lived up to 30, 000 years ago in Australia

Cetiosauriscus stewarti
A fossil front left foot belonging to the Cetiosauriscus, a Sauropod dinosaur, discovered in Peterborough, England. It dates back 158 million years

Titanopteryx philadelphiae wing bones
From a pterodactyloid pterosaur from the late Cretaceous in Jordan. Upper bones are fragments of the elbow joint. The lower from a finger bone which formed a wing support

Osedax mucofloris, North sea marine worm
Osedax mucofloris is also known as the bone-eating snot-flower worm. The remarkable whalebone-eating polychaete worm, shown here dissected from a Minke whale bone that was recovered off the west

Arctocephalus forsteri, New Zealand fur seal
A drawing of the lateral view of the skeleton of a New Zealand fur seal. Figure 7 from Seals of the World by Judith E. King. Published by The British Museum of Natural History, 1964

Sauropod excavation, 1982

Sketch of Diplodocus presentation
Mr Andrew Carnegie presenting a plaster cast of Diplodocus carnegiei to the Natural History Museum, London in May 1905

Iguanodon arthritic toe
Middle toe of a large Iguanodon with arthritic joint shown by the bony overgrowths (rough ridges) betwen the 3rd & 4th toe bones counting back from the terminal phalanx

Ardeosaurus brevipes, a Jurassic lizard
A cast of the type skeleton of Ardeosaurus brevipes a fossil reptile from the Lithographic Limestone, Kimmeridgian, Workerstzell, Bavaria, Germany. Dating back the Upper Jurassic period about 150 mya

Ursus speleaus, great cave bear
Fig. 28 from A History of British Fossil Mammals and Birds, by Sir Richard Owen (1804-1892), published in 12 parts, 1844-1846

Tupaia glis, common tree shrew
Teeth in the upper mandible of a male comon tree shrew, showing the fundamental mammalian triangle of sharp, pointed cusps. Scale is in millimetres

Palaeontology laboratory
Preparing a mounted skeleton of Baryonyx, a carnivorous dinosaur from Sussex, England. Laying out casts made of glass reinforced plastic prior to mounting on exhibition panelling

Dinornis elephantopus, heavy-footed moa
An extinct wingless bird from the superficial deposits of the middle island of New Zealand in the gallery of Fossils, British Museum, height of skeleton 5 ft 6 in. 1858. NHM Archives 1210 1/11

Cheddar Man
The skull of Cheddar Man. This skull is approximately 10, 000 years old. The hole in the forehead may have been caused by infection and also possibly be the cause of death

Giant deer, February 1893. The Natural History Museum, Lond
Photographed by J.D. Pemberton in February 1893, this Megalocerus giganteus skeleton represents an extinct race of giant deer (not elk) that had a distribution throughout Europe

Cetiosauriscus stewarti fossil teeth
Fossil teeth belonging to the Cetiosauriscus, a Sauropod dinosaur, discovered in Peterborough, England. It dates back 158 million years

Casts of Australopithecus boisei jaw bones
Casts of Upper jaw (left) of Australopithecus (Paranthropus) boisei from the Olduvai Gorge; lower jaw (right) of Australopithecus (Paranthropus) boisei from Peninj

Hyracotherium skeleton
Modelled from various sources. Hyracotherium is the earliest known horse from the late Palaeocene and early Eocene of North America and Europe. Frame is 820mm wide

Bone needles of Magdalenian age
Bone needles dating back to about 15, 000 years ago. The Magdalenian tools discovered in France are believed to have belonged to early Homo sapiens who hunted reindeer during the last ice age

Equus caballus, horse
Skull belonging to a horse (Equus caballus) from the Zoology collections of the Natural History Museum, London

Orcaella brevirostris, Irrawaddy dolphin
Photograph of the dorsal view of the skull of an Irrawaddy dolphin

Arsinotherium skeleton
Mounted skeleton of an Oligocene, 35 million year old rhinoceras-like ungulate from Egypt. Complete mounted skeleton

Homo sapiens mandible
Mandible of an adult male early modern Homo sapiens from Predmosti, Czech Republic lived about 27, 000 years ago. Gravettian culture, Upper Palaeolithic

Sousa teuszii, Atlantic Hump-backed Dolphin skull

Homo neanderthalensis cranium (Tabun 1)
Front view of the skull of a female Homo neanderthalensis discovered at Tabun at Mt. Carmel, Israel. The specimen known as Tabun 1 dates back to around 100, 000 year ago

Rhynchosaurus skull
This skull measuring 78mm belongs to an extinct genus of reptile called Rhynchosaurus. It lived during the Triassic period and fossils have been found in Africa, Europe and Brazil

Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus skeleton
From the Lower Jurassic, Lyme Regis, Dorset. This is the first articulated plesiosaur ever found and one of Mary Annings greatest discoveries. Length 2.9 meters

Excavating a Mosasaur skull
Title page picture from Histoire Naturelle de la Montagne de St Pierre de Maestricht by Faujas de Saint Fond, 1799. Mosasaur was a carnivorous marine reptile from the Cretaceous period

Geosaurus gracilis
The fossil skeleton of the Geosaurus gracilis, an extinct aquatic crocodylian which lived during the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous periods

Diatryma steini skull
Specimen of a Diatryma steini skull found in South Elk Creek, Bighorn basin, Wyoming, USA. Lower Eocene, 55-50 million years old

Australopithecus africanus cranium & mandible (Sts 5)
Cast reconstruction of cranium & mandible belonging to Australopithecus africanus discovered at Sterkfontein by Dr Robert Broom and J.T. Robinson in April 1947

Priscacara clivosa, fossil fish
A fossilised fish originating from the Eocene epoch 58-37 milion years ago. Found in Wyoming, USA

Homo sapiens, human and Gorilla gorilla, western gorilla
Drawing of a human skeleton and a gorilla skeleton. Published in Transactions of the Zoological Society of London Vol. 5, Part 1 by Richard Owen, 1866

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