Anthropology Collection (page 14)

Skull cups and bone fragments, Goughs Cave
Skull cups identified among human remains from Goughs Cave, Somerset. At around 14, 700 years old, the skull cups are the oldest directly dated examples in the world

Limestone lamp, Magdalenian, from France
Limestone lamp of Magdalenian age, 11, 000 - 18, 000 years old (Upper Palaeolithic) from La Mouthe, France

Paranthropus robustus cranium (SK 48)
A cast of the cranium belonging to an adult female Paranthropus robustus discovered at Swartkrans, South Africa by Dr. Robert Broom and J.T. Robinson. P. robustus lived around 1.5 million years ago

Antiquite de l Homme Alpes-Maritimes. Pl X
Tete, thorax et membres superieurs du premier squelette d adulte trouve dans la quatrieme caverne des Baousse-Rousse ou de Menton, le 26 mars 1872

Aurignacian tools
A bone point, probably a spearhead and a flint end-scraper tool of Aurignacian age, 30, 000 - 34, 000 years old from France

Australopithecus africanus model
Model of an adult female Australopithecus africanus reconstructed from remains found at Sterkfontein, South Africa. Probably lived about 2.5 million years ago during the Plio-Pleistocene

Goughs Cave artefacts
Replicas and specimens of artefacts found in Goughs Cave, Cheddar Gorge, Somerset

Skull cup found at Goughs Cave
A skull cup identified among human remains from Goughs Cave, Somerset. At around 14, 700 years old, the skull cups are the oldest directly dated examples in the world

Australopithecus sp. hip bone
The hip bone (Os coxae) of Australopithecus from Sterkfontein, South Africa

Homo habilis cranium & mandible fragment casts
Casts of fragments mandible and cranium fragments of a Homo habilis discovered at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania dating back to between 1.85 million years ago to 1.6 million years ago

Boxgrove excavation site
A view of the archaeological excavation site at Boxgrove, West Sussex, UK. The site yielded a very significant fossil find, a tibia and incisors believe to have belonged to a 500

Australopithecus sp. thigh & hip bone

Homo sapiens cranium
A cast of a human (Homo sapiens) cranium held at the Natural History Museum, London

Limestone lamp with ibex carved on back
Limestone lamp with ibex carving, of Magdalenian age, 11, 000 - 18, 000 years old (Upper Palaeolithic) from La Mouthe, France

Venus in limestone
Figure of a woman, or Venus, engraved in limestone, Gravettian age 22, 000 - 30, 000 years old (Upper Palaeolithic) from Abri Pataud in France. Created by Cro-Magnon man

Hoxnian anters, bones & hand axe from Swanscombe
Part of a deer antler, fragment of elephant bone and flint hand axe all discovered at Swanscombe, Kent, south of the River Thames

Engraved mammoth tusk
Mammoth tusk engraved of Grevettian age. 25, 000 - 30, 000 years ago during the Upper Palaeolithic and within the great Stone Age from Dolni Vestonice, Moravia, Czech Republic

Romano-british human collar bone
Anterior of medial end of right collar bone of a human skeleton from Radley in Oxfordshire. Age between 50 BC and 410 AD

Homo erectus cranium (OH9)
The cranium (cast) of Homo erectus discovered at Bed II, site LLK at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania by Louis Leakey in 1960. This specimen is the Holotype of Homo leakeyi. This specimen dates back c

My house at Bessir, in Waigiou
Page 532 from The Malay Archipelago by Alfred Russel Wallace, London 1874

The Piltdown man excavation site
Excavation at Piltdown c. 1913 with Cyril Woodward showing scale

Natives of Timor
Photograph from the Wallace collection in the General Library of The Natural History Museum

Homo sapiens cranium (Qafzeh 11)
Lateral view of a cast of the Qafzeh child (Early Modern Homo sapiens) discovered at Djebel kafzeh, Israel by B. Vandermeersch, 1965-1969, dating back to around 100, 000 years

Harpoon carved from antler
Cast of an antler harpoon from the Magdalenian culture, 11, 000-18, 000 years ago (Upper Palaeolithic)

Paranthropus robustus cranium with perforations
Cast of cranial bones of Paranthropus robustus with two perforations probably made by a leopard. Original skull from Swartkrans, Transvaal, S. Africa

Paranthropus robustus cranium (SK46)
Frontal view of a cast of an adult, probably female, cranium, crushed, with half of braincase, portion of face, palatinum and maxilla. Discovered at Swartkrans, South Africa by Robert Broom and J.T

Homo rudolfensis cranium (KNM - ER 1470)
Homo habilis cranium from Koobi Fora, Area 131, Kenya. Cast of KNM - ER 1470 (1st reconstruction). Three-quarter view. Scale in cms

Homo habilis cranium (KNM - ER 1813)
Homo habilis cranium discovered by K. Kimeu (1973) at Koobi Fora, Area 123, Kenya. Cast of KNM - ER 1813. Dated at around 1.8 million years old. Front view. Scale in cms

The Piltdown (Skull) Gravel Pit
The site where the Pitdown specimens were claimed to have been discovered (1912-1915). Photograph believed to have been taken during the winter of 1913

Homo sapiens cranium (UC 101)
Skull UC 101 discovered at the upper cave (Shandingdong), Zhoukoudian, China. This specimen belonging to Modern Homo sapiens dates back to 30, 000 years ago

Hand-axes, blades & harpoon
The two axe-heads on the left are from the Middle Palaeolithic about 40, 000 BC; the three specimens on the right are from the Upper Palaeolithic abot 20, 000 BC (Agfa Film)

Archaic Homo sapiens cranium (Laetoli 18)
A front view of a cranium belonging to Archaic Homo sapiens dating back to 150, 000 years ago. This specimen known as Laetoli 18 was discovered within the Ngaloba bed at Laetoli in Tanazania

Bonnet
Collected during the archaelogical excavation at Christ Church, Spitalfields, London, 1984-1986

Hand-axes & pebble tool
Left to right: Pebble tool from Olduvai about 1.7 million years old; hand-axe about 1 million years old; hand-axe about 350, 000 years old

Searching for the Piltdown Man

Crypt of Christ Church, Spitalfields
Picture taken during the archaelogical excavation at Christ Church, Spitalfields, London, 1984-1986

Casts of Australopithecus boisei jaw bones
Casts of Upper jaw (left) of Australopithecus (Paranthropus) boisei from the Olduvai Gorge; lower jaw (right) of Australopithecus (Paranthropus) boisei from Peninj

Bone needles of Magdalenian age
Bone needles dating back to about 15, 000 years ago. The Magdalenian tools discovered in France are believed to have belonged to early Homo sapiens who hunted reindeer during the last ice age

Homo sapiens mandible
Mandible of an adult male early modern Homo sapiens from Predmosti, Czech Republic lived about 27, 000 years ago. Gravettian culture, Upper Palaeolithic

Homo neanderthalensis cranium (Tabun 1)
Front view of the skull of a female Homo neanderthalensis discovered at Tabun at Mt. Carmel, Israel. The specimen known as Tabun 1 dates back to around 100, 000 year ago

The Anthropomorpha of Linnaeus
An illustration by Bontius (1658) of early impressions of the Orangutan. The picture was published in Thomas Huxleys Evidence as to Mans Place in Nature (1883)

Bushmen in Botswana
A Bushman child of Botswana being measured for height by an anthropologist: Tsare village, Kalhari. Photo by Dr A J Clement, 1957 Botswana

Australopithecus africanus cranium & mandible (Sts 5)
Cast reconstruction of cranium & mandible belonging to Australopithecus africanus discovered at Sterkfontein by Dr Robert Broom and J.T. Robinson in April 1947

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