Igneous Collection

Garnet Peridotite
Garnet-peridotite, a major constituent in the make-up of the Earth. Image published in Natures Connections An Exploration of Natural History. Published in 2000

The Nummulosphere Part I. Front Cover
An account of the organic origin of so-called igneous rocks and of abyssal red clays by Kirkpatrick, Randolph (1863-1950), London. 1913

Basalt bomb
Geological specimen collected by Scotts British Antarctic Expedition 1910-1913, also known as the Terra Nova expedition. It had a broad scientific programme and collected thousands of geological

Strato volcanic eruption
A strato volcano has a steep volcanic cone built up by dense lava flows and pyroclastic debris. One of a series (including image numbers 185 to 190) showing various forms of volcanic eruption

Section of Chassigny meteorite
Thin section of Chassigny in cross-polarized light, showing shocked and deformed olivine grains. The field of view is 3mm

Microscope image of the Pasamonte eucrite
Microscopic image of the Pasamonte eucrite showing a basaltic texture. Field of view is 2.5mm across

Hornblende-biotite granite
Geological specimen collected by Scotts British Antarctic Expedition 1910-1913, also known as the Terra Nova expedition. It had a broad scientific programme and collected thousands of geological

Moon rock fragment from the last Apollo space mission, Apollo 17, encased in perspex on a wooden plaque. The thumbnail-size rock is around 3.7 billion years old

Basalt columns, Real del Monte mine, Mexico
Engraving of a sketch by Alexander Humboldt, 1810 Date: 1810

Quartz-feldspar porphyry
Geological specimen collected by Scotts British Antarctic Expedition 1910-1913, also known as the Terra Nova expedition. It had a broad scientific programme and collected thousands of geological

Plate XXXXIV: Lava Samples
Pl XXXXIV. Observation on the volcanoes of the two Sicilies, Naples, 1776 & 1779 compiled by Sir William Hamilton (1730-1803) while Ambassador to the Kingdom of Naples

Diamond crystal
Natural diamond crystal in Kimberlite from Kimberley, South Africa. Kimberlite is the rock in which diamonds occur. The rock was named after the the South African site, Kimberley

A Tertiary Igneous Dyke
A Tertiary igneous dyke cutting through a sandstone deposit. The igneous rock pierced its way through the earths crust in a vertical fissure

Diorite intruded by microgranite
Geological specimen collected by Scotts British Antarctic Expedition 1910-1913, also known as the Terra Nova expedition. It had a broad scientific programme and collected thousands of geological

Basaltic dyke, collected by Dr Benza in Neilgherries, India, c.1837. NHM specimen number: BM 649

Basalt tuff, collected by Dr Benza at a hillock just north of Napoleons Tomb, St Helena, c.1837. NHM specimen number: BM 861

Kenyte lava
Geological specimen collected by Scotts British Antarctic Expedition 1910-1913, also known as the Terra Nova expedition. It had a broad scientific programme and collected thousands of geological

Granite, collected by Dr Benza from the summit of the Western range of Kaitee Valley, Neilgherries, India c.1837. NHM specimen number: BM 651

Junction of granite and limestone
Fig 88 from Principles of Geology, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the Earths surface. Vol. 3 1832-33 by Charles Lyell (1797-1875)

Rocks, Kushimoto, Japan
A photograph taken during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger (1872-1876) funded by the British Government for scientific purposes

Orthoclase (potassium aluminum silicate) is a major granite forming mineral. Specimen from Brevik, Norway

Bove Valley, nr Mount Etna, Sicily
Plate from Principles of Geology (1830-33) Vol. II, by C. Lyell, illustrating the Bove Valley, near Mount Etna, Sicily

Volcanic glass, Peles hair
Scanning electron microscope image of a sample of volcanic glass from Mt. Pele, produced to evaluate different types of laser in Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Black basalt lava
This basalt lave has cooled quickly and gas bubbles have formed into balls of fragile, needle-sharp crystals of zeolite minerals

Diamond crystals
Clockwise from top left (yellow matrix): in beach conglomerate from Namaqualand, in kimberlite from South Africa and in matrix from Siberia (bottom)

Section through volcano crater lake
Illustration shows a section through volcano crater lake and also the system of tunnels at Kelut, Java, which drain the crater lake

Surface of the early Earth
An impression by Barry Evans of what the surface of the Earth may have looked like when it was very young, and still forming

Volcanoes on the early Earth
This is an artists impression of volcanoes frequently active on the surface of early Earth

Diagram showing the Earths interior
Crust - continents 35km, oceans 6km. Mantle - peridotite 2900km. Outer core - iron (liquid) 2000km. Inner core - iron (solid) 1370km

Volcano types
Block diagram showing: (top left) Glowing cloud eruption, (top right) a shield volcano and (Bottom) a strato-volcano

Submarine volcanic eruption
A submarine volcanic eruption may often produce a Tsunami or trigger earthquakes. One of a series (including image numbers 185 to 190) showing various forms of volcanic eruption

Cornubian granite batholith
The Cornubian granite batholith and its main outcrops in the Cornwall and Devon area, Southwest England. From Britain Before Man 1978, by F W Dunning

Tenorite is comprised of (copper oxide). It is found as grey to black metallic crystals and as a by-product of lava flows. Fibrous specimen from the Natural History Museum, London

Volcanic Activity
Block diagram showing various types of volcanic activity. One of a series of diagrams (including image numbers 185 to 190) showing volcanic activity

Igneous activity
A block diagram depicting various types of igneous activity. Fig 65 from The Story of the Earth (1977), a Geological Museum booklet

Lava-flow from Edinburgh volcano
A specimen of lava-flow that erupted from the haunch vent down the flanks of the volcano to its present resting place on Whinny Hill

Common rock types
A collection of common rock types - left to right - Igneous (granite), sedimentary (sandstone) and metamorphic (schist)

Oceanic and continental crust
A cross section of the Earths surface showing the continental crust on the left and oceanic crust on the right. Beneath the surface layer lies the Basaltic layer (in green) and the Mantle (in grey)

Anorthosite breccia, moon rock
Specimen of anorthosite breccia or moon rock collected on the Apollo 16 mission in April 1972, and mounted in an acrylic block for protection and display

The cliff edge engine houses of Wheal Trewavas
Situated on the Tregonning granite at Trewavas Head, south Cornwall. Image used in Minerals of Cornwall and Devon by P.G. Embrey and R.F. Symes, 1987, page 40. See also 4072

Gersdorffite comprises of (nickel arsenic suphide). It is associated with hydrothermal veins and magma derived from sulphite deposits. Specimen from the Natural History Museum, London

Unakite

Obsidian specimen

Agglomerate
An agglomerate is a rock formed of angular volcanic fragments. Specimen from Volcanoes 2nd edition fig 57 (top)

Plate XXXVIII: Lava curtain and royal party
Pl XXXVIII. Observation on the volcanoes of the two Sicilies, Naples, 1776 & 1779 compiled by Sir William Hamilton (1730-1803) while Ambassador to the Kingdom of Naples

Observing structure of rock
Looking at fresh granite under a microscope to study structure, granular composition can clearly be seen

Platyphysa prinsepi, freshwater snails
65 million year old freshwater snail specimens that were engulfed by lava flows. Originating from the Late Cretaceous, Nagpur, India

Krakatoa in eruption
Krakatoa during an early stage of the eruption. Plate 1 from The Eruption of Krakatoa (1888) by G. J. Symons

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